Premise vs. Conclusion

Stimulus

Focus on understanding the relationship of the ideas. Seeing past the topic to analyze the structural relationship present.

Argument stimulus

Set of statements wherein one statement is claimed to follow from or be derived from the others.

Fact set

Collection of statements without a conclusion.

Premise definition

A fact, proposition, or statement from which a conclusion is made.

Conclusion definition

A statement or judgement that follows from one or more reasons.

Because

Premise

Since

Premise

For

Premise

For example

Premise

For the reason that

Premise

In that

Premise

Given that

Premise

As indicated by

Premise

Due to

Premise

Owing to

Premise

This can be seen from

Premise

We know this by

Premise

Thus

Conclusion

Therefore

Conclusion

Hence

Conclusion

Consequently

Conclusion

As a result

Conclusion

So

Conclusion

Accordingly

Conclusion

Clearly

Conclusion

Must be that

Conclusion

Shows that

Conclusion

Conclude that

Conclusion

Follows that

Conclusion

For this reason

Conclusion

Furthermore

Additional premise

Moreover

Additional premise

Besides

Additional premise

In addition

Additional premise

What's more

Additional premise

But

Counter-premise

Yet

Counter-premise

However

Counter-premise

On the other hand

Counter-premise

Admittedly

Counter-premise

In contrast

Counter-premise

Although

Counter-premise

Even though

Counter-premise

Still

Counter-premise

Whereas

Counter-premise

In spite of

Counter-premise

Despite

Counter-premise

After all

Counter-premise and additional premsie

Counter-premise

A sentence that goes against the main point

Premise --> Conclusion

Simple argument

Premise --> Conclusion/Premise --> Conclusion

Complex argument (Middle term takes initial conclusion and uses it as a premise for another conclusion)

Alternative viewpoints indicator formula

A number (some, many, etc.) of people (critics, etc.) believe (claim, purpose, argue) that....

Inference

Something that must be true (follows after an argument- conclusion)

Assumption

What must be true in order for an argument to be true (taken for granted while making an argument -same as an unstated premise)

Quantity indicators

(All, some, many, etc.) How many things the sentence is talking about

Probability indicators

(Must, always, should, etc.) Indicate the probability in an argument

Scope

Range to which the premises and conclusion encompass certain ideas (narrow vs. broad)

Conclusion Identification Method

Finding the main point the author is trying to prove. Take statements under consideration for conclusion and place them in an arrangement that forces one to be the conclusion and the other(s) to be the premise(s). Use indicators.

Additional premise?

Another premise that supports the conclusion by giving it extra support (Usually comes after the author has already made an argument).

Validity in LSAT?

An argument is valid when if the premises are true, the conclusion MUST be true. It doesn’t matter if the premises are actually real or silly. All that matters is the logic guarantees the conclusion.