Cell Organelles Vocabulary — Video Notes

Vocabulary flashcards covering the key organelles and genetic material mentioned in the video notes.

Nucleus

The cell's control center that contains nearly all of the cell's DNA and directs growth, metabolism, protein synthesis, and cell division.

Nucleolus

A small, dense region within the nucleus where ribosome assembly begins.

Nuclear Envelope

A double-membrane structure that surrounds the nucleus and regulates the movement of materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Cell Membrane

A semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer that encloses the cell and regulates material transport in and out.

Cytoplasm

The fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus that houses organelles.

Cytoskeleton

A network of protein filaments that helps maintain cell shape and enable movement; includes microfilaments and microtubules.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Membrane network where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and where proteins and other materials are processed and exported.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

ER with ribosomes on its surface; involved in protein synthesis.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

ER lacking ribosomes; contains enzymes for specialized tasks and lipid synthesis.

Ribosomes

Small RNA-protein particles that synthesize proteins by following genetic instructions from the nucleus.

Golgi Apparatus

Structure that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage or secretion.

Mitochondria

Organelle that converts chemical energy from food into ATP; enclosed by two membranes (outer and inner).

Vacuole

Saclike compartments that store water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates; plant cells have a large central vacuole, animals have smaller, numerous ones.

Chloroplast

Plant cell organelle that captures energy from sunlight and conducts photosynthesis.

Cell Wall

Rigid external layer in plants providing structural support and protection, helping maintain cell shape.

Centrioles

Found near the nucleus in animal cells; organize microtubules during cell division.

Lysosomes

Small organelles filled with enzymes that digest lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins and recycle wastes.

Cilia

Hair-like structures on the cell surface that move substances across the cell surface.

Flagellum

A whip-like structure that enables cell movement.

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid; molecule that carries genetic instructions used in growth, development, functioning, and reproduction.

Chromosome

A structure of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information and is visible during cell division.