astronomy unit 2-- orbital motion

Newton’s First Law

an object moves/rests at a constant velocity unless acted on by an outside force

Newton’s Second Law

force = mass \* acceleration

Newton’s Third Law

every force has a paired force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction

momentum

a descriptor of an object’s motion, found with mass x velocity

angular momentum

a descriptor of an object’s rotational motion, found with mass x velocity x distance from given rotational point

escape speed

the speed required for an object to leave an orbit

penumbra

the shadow cast by a body caused by the sun’s light

umbra

the darkest portion of a body’s shadow

mass

the product of volume and density