Chapter 6 ATP - Photosynthesis - Cellular Respiration

Nucleotide made of

sugar, nitrogen, phosphate group

ATP is a nucleotide with

2 extra phosphate groups.

Sugar in ATP is

ribose

Nitrogen Base in ATP is

Adenine

energy is stored in the

bonds between phosphate groups

Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP)

only one phosphate group is present

Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)

2 phosphate groups present

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

3 phosphate groups present

to release the stored energy the bonds must be broken through

hydrolysis reaction

ADP molecule can be ____________ with another phosphate group to make ATP

recombined

Phosphorylation

PROCESS of adding a phosphate group to ADP

Carbon Dioxide ( CO²) contributes to

Global Warming

Reactants in photosynthesis equation

CO², H2O, Sunlight

Products in photosynthesis equation

C6 H12 O6, O2

Thylakoid Disc

flattened sacs containing pigment - chlorophyll

Grana ( Granum )

Layered Thylakoid Disc

Stroma

Solution around thylakoids

Pigments

molecules that absorb specific wavelengths of sunlight.

Pigments are arranged within the thylakoid membranes in clusters

photosystems

Leaves have large surface area to

absorb as much sunlight as possible

Stomata ( stoma - singular )

pore on underside of leaf where O2 is released and CO2 enters. Controlled by guard cell

light increases +CO2 increases =

= photosynthesis increases

Temp low =

= photosynthesis low

Temp to high =

= photosynthesis rate drops

All living things carry out

cellular respiration

Cellular Respiration

Process by which glucose molecules are broken down by the mitochondria to release energy (ATP)

Steps of light - dependent reactions

Light strikes chlorophyll in thylakoids - passed through electron transport chain proteins - moves to 2nd electron transport chain - picked up by NADP+ to be carried to stroma - when NADP+ combined with electrons and hydrogen ions it becomes NADPH carrying energy to the stroma

NADP+

Carrier Molecule

When electrons replaced

water is split in the 1st photosystem electrons are returned to chlorophyll to continue process. Oxygen also produced into air.

Photolysis

water is split

Light independent reactions

CO2 to convert ATP into simple sugars ( Calvin cycle ) occurs in stroma

Aerobic Respiration

requires oxygen; produces 36 ATP

Glycolysis

makes 2 ATP - anaerobic

Citric Acid cycle

makes 2 ATP - aerobic

Electron transport Chain

makes 32 ATP - aerobic

Anaerobic Respiration

does not require Oxygen; produces 2 ATP

If oxygen is not available glycolysis will be followed by

fermentation

Alcoholic Fermentation

Yeast ( single-celled fungi ) produces carbon dioxide and ethyl (used to make bread)

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Animals and bacteria makes lactic acid ( muscle soreness / production of milk products )