PROXIMAL HUMERUS

brachium

another name for humerus
classified as a long bone

proximal humerus- head

medial projection

articulates with the scapula to form the shoulder jt

Tubercles

lateral greater tubercle

anterior lesser tubercle

two humeral necks

anatomical

surgical

anatomical neck

oblique groove just distal to the head and the site of the epiphyseal plate.

the anatomical neck seperates the

head from the shaft

surgical neck

distal to the tubercles

most common place for fractures

why is the surgical neck a common place for fractures

its thinner

another name for intertubecular groove

bicipital groove

intertubecular groove (bicipital groove)

groove running between the two tubercles

anterior

deltoid tuberosity

small prominence on the anteriolateral surface of the midshaft of humerus

the deltoid tuberosity is the site of attachment for the

deltoid muscle

deltoid muscle movement

abduction and rotation

hand positioning

external rotation

internal rotation

neutral position

external rotation- true AP

epicondyles are parallel

tubercle in profile: greater tubercles

hand supinated in anatomical position

internal rotation- lateral

epicondyles are perpendicular

tubercle in profile: lesser tubercles

-pointing medially in profile

-wont see greater  because it is superimposed

neutral position- oblique

epicondyles are at 45 degrees

tubercles in profile: none

-both greater and lesser are superimposed won’t be seen

scapula anatomy

glenoid fossa

coracoid

acromion

glenoid fossa

flat surface

where the head of the humerus articulates

humeroscapula jt

coracoid

anterior projection

positioning landmark

acromion

posterior projection

extends out laterally

shoulder jt

glenohumeral jt/
scapulohumeral jt

glenohumeral jt/ scapulohumeral jt

diathrodial/synovial

most mobile jt in the body

shoulder routine

AP external and internal rotation

axillary view (non trauma) OR y view (trauma)

axillary view is used for the visulation of the

glenohumeral jt (non trauma)

axillary view

superior inferior projection (pt standing)

infereior superior projeciton (laying down)

orientation for axillary view

send coracoid up

send like the person is standing in front of you

Y view is done for visulatization of the

glenohumeral jt (trauma)

Y view is usually done for

shoulder dislocations

Y view can be done

AP

PA

supine (use sponge)

AP and PA views of the scapula

shows up the same
scapula needs to be perpendicular 

Y view

45- 60 degrees

places scapula lateral

scapula needs to be perpendicular
dont really have to move arm (trauma)

Y is formed by

acromion

coracoid

scapular body

humeral head should be in the middle of the Y

dislocated glenohumeral jt

humeral head not articulating

need Y view to see

whether dislocation is posterior or anterior

anterior dislocation

most common 97%

radial head is underneath coracoid

posterior dislocation

underneath acromion

What tubercle is demonstrated in an AP external rotation?

greater tubercle

how are the epicondyles to the IR on an AP external rotation?

parallel

What tubercle is demonstrated in an AP internal rotation?

lesser tubercle

how are the epicondyles to the IR on an AP internal rotation?

perpendicular

how are the epicondyles to the IR on a Neutral position?

45 degree oblique

What tubercle is demonstrated in a Neutral position?

none, they are superimposed

Describe the location of the anatomical humeral neck?

distal to the head

Describe the location of the Surgical humeral neck?

distal to the tubercles