ATI TEA 7

"genetic variation"

due to meiosis (prophase I?)

"is greater than vs more than"

is \> VS +

"is less than vs less than"

is < VS -

or

\><

and

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

meth
eth
prop
but
pent
hex
hept
oct
non
dec

1 cup

8 ounces

1 ft - ?

12 inches

1 kg

2.2 pounds

1 lb

16 ounces

1 yd

3 ft

2 liquids

Br, Hg (mercury)

2.54 cm \= ?

1 inch

4 tissue types

- epithelial (squamous/simple ; columnar/cuboidal, squaomous)
- connective (bone, ligaments, tendons)
- nervous (brain,spinal cord)
- muscle (smooth, cardiac, skeletal)

10 gases in the periodic table

(noble gases)

absolute values

1) use the equation given and solve
- if there is a number outside of absolute values, then use it then solve.
- once solved the original, put negative sign outside absolute, then divide by -1 to both sides causing the change for solution side/the symbol

acid + base \>

neutralization ; salt + water

alkane

CnH2n+2 ; single bonds

alkene

CnH2n ; double bonds

Alkyne

CnH2n-2 ; triple bonds

amino acid chain made by ribosome + mRNA \=

proteins

anabolism

adding small molecules to larger ones

anatomy

structure of the organs & body systems

apostrophes

possessive is before the S (boy's dog)
plural is after s (soccer teams')
pluralize numbers or letters
put two words together (can't)
or shorten year ('98)

Area

all of the sides together (A2+B2\=C2 if hypotenuse)

articles

the (direct)
a / an (indirect)

atomic number \=

protons

atomic radius

< down - increases

autotroph

produces its own source of ATP from sunlight

autotroph formula

carbon dioxide + water + energy (sun) \> oxygen + glucose

bacteria does not have

membrane bound organelles

Binomial Nomenclature

italicize the Genus species

bonds can hold

PE for later use

by products of cellular respiration from heterotrophs

water and carbon dioxide (expelled but used for autotrophs)

capitalize

places (cities,countries,names of parks/beaches/peninsulas...)
cardinal directions of a location
organizations,companies,institutions
events, special events (including season), days, months, historical events, nationalities, race, religion, award, monuments, ships, titles of honor, showing family relationship if there is no possessives in front (me,my,mine,your etc..)
Titles (except prepositions, & articles unless the beginning)
deities (but not gods in general)
first lines of words in poetry or song
First word in a quotation

Carbon is large majority

on earth

catabolism

large molecules to smaller ones

catalysts

control the rate of a rxn ; inhibitors (drugs) will slow it down and promoters (enzymes) will increase rxn

catalysts/enzymes increase chemical rxn

by lowering the activation energy (lowering amount of energy needed to get rxn going)

cause - effect

action first (cause) then describes the effect

CCK

stimulates gall bladder to secrete bile to emulsify fats in the small intestine

cell processes are needed by use

of an enzyme for chemical rxn

cerebellum

used to balance

chloroplast

contain its own genetic information and can sometimes synthesis own proteins

chromosomes consist of

genes

cl used to break down

ozone

Classification


nonspecific
\>>>
specific

DOMAIN (3 - Archaea , Eukbacteria , Eukaryotic)
Kingdom (6 - plantae, protista, animalia, fungi, Euarchaea, Eubacteria)
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

codon

consists of 3 bases within a gene/chromosome
64 codons

colons

when listing
in between time
formal letter

commas ,

when dependent clause proceeds a independent clause
two words or phrases are separated by this
after Yes or No intro
before a quotation and after
between month/day
when writing a letter in the heading

compare & contrast : plant cells & eukaryotic cells

- plant cells contain BOTH mitochondria & chloroplast for ATP production (power for cell energy)
- plants have chlorophyll (traps light ; pigment)
- plants have a cell wall on top of the cell membrane (rigid structure)
- plants have vacuoles filled with water to maintain the pressure

comparison - contrast

two cases that will be making the reader consider the difference

compound sentence

compound sentence

independent clauses put together with coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) or semicolon if similar

condensation

add bonds

condensation

gas\>Liquid
subtract heat : H \= -M x L

constant temperature on Earth

means that the energy has to be equal with energy entering and energy exiting

control group vs. experimental group

control group \= placebo ; nothing happens to them
experiment group \= is the one being tested on

coordinating conjunction

FANBOYS (for and nor but or yet so)

covalent

nonmetal + nonmetal ; sharing of electrons

covalent bonds have the strongest bonds

ionic have weakest ; hydrogen bonds are the weakest bonds of all
- EN have strong attraction (covalent to nonmetals with high EN)

cumulative sentence

main idea/point at the beginning of the paragraph

cytokinesis

usually occursing around telophase ; this is the separation of the cells ; pinching off from one another

decrease in birth deaths because

- family planning

dependent variable

changes due to the independent variable : 'DEPENDS'

differentiation

cells becoming specific types of cells
- occurs in embryos as well as adults

DNA

- deoxyribose nucleic acid (deoxyribose \= sugar group)
- double helix strand
- contains hereditary/genetic information (genetic blueprint)
- ATCG

each codon matches to specific

amino acids ; 20 amino acid pairs for 64 codons

each family/group/column

have similar arrangements of electrons and chemical properties

Electromagnetic radiation

radiowaves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, UV, X ray, Gamma rays (longest to shortest/highest frequency)

electron configuration

valence electrons 1s2 2s2 2p6 ....

electronegativity (attraction of electrons) & Ionization energy (hard to remove electrons from gases)

^\> - increase

electrons

negative ; outer electron shells ; not calculated into the atomic mass because they do not weigh a lot

elements

cannot be broken down into anything simpler

ellipses ...

always 3 bullet points
when part of text you want to keep some things out
suggests hesitation

embryo

early stages of development after fertilization (an animal/plant)

emigration

leaving a certain region

ending in "one/body" usually means

- everyone, someone, no one, everybody, each, nobody
- verb is singular

endothermic

add energy/heat to the reactants

entertain

fiction novels purpose of entertainment

enzymes are used for almost all chemical rxn

a few metabolic rxn because highly selective

enzymes can work in forward and reverse chemical rxn

true

eukaryotes vs prokaryotes (introns/exons/operuon)

eukaryotes have introns/exons during transcription
prokaryotes only have opereons

eukaryotic cells

- nucleus : double layered w/ pores ; genetic information (DNA) blueprint (used for making specific proteins)
- nucleolus : produces ribosomes within the nucleus then sends them out into the cell
- cell/plasma membrane : semi-permeable to allow some water/substances in/out
- ribosomes : used to making proteins from mRNA (copy of DNA)
- ER (SER & RER) : ER used to move proteins from one place to another called secretion
\--- RER contains ribosomes on the surface causing the rough appearance ; SER used for metabolic processes
- Golgi apparatus : packaging, shipping, and transporting the proteins made by the ribosomes
- vesicles : move substances/proteins into or out of the cell ; 3 common vesicles are : vacuoles (basic storage unit) , lysosomes ( contain enzymes to dispose of cellular debris/worn cellular parts ) , peroxisomes ( get rid of toxic material like hydrogen peroxide)
- mitochondria : ATP source ; enzymes within the cristae (folds) allow for converting sugar into ATP
- microtubules : during mitosis form mitotic spindles (help to organize and segregate chromosomes during cell division)
- centrosomes : are microtubules organizing centers that help form and organize the mitotic spindle during mitosis
- flagella/cilia : usually larger than the ones on the prokayotic cells ; used for movement

evaporation

liquid often achieved due to high heat, low humidity, and fast movement of surrounding air mass (surface layer of liquid moves faster)

evaporation (weather)

L\>G on the surface ; fast moving molecules

Everyone/any of us/noone/anyone/somebody

singular third person

exothermic

emitting energy/heat in the products

expository passages

discusses a topic/subject giving groundwork information for understanding later ideas, or analyzes information objectively

express feelings

poetry ; give the reader a sense of emotion

expression of gene traits

proteins

external factors for enzymes

pH, temp, substrate concentration

fertility rates

-high fertility rates in lower developed countries
-average age is 14/15-44
-fertility rates coincide with death rates therefore causing the population to stay steady
-higher death rates in lower developed countries
-factors: government (china) , abortions , family planning , infant mortality rate , literacy , education , employment , economy , culture , religion

function of nucleic acid

store & transmit hereditary information

gase

changing volume and changing shape ; weakest bonds ; high temperature low pressure

gastrulation

most critical stage of development because individual tissue layers begin to form

genes consist of

DNA

genotypes

genetic information

glycolysis (cellular respiration/heterotrophs)

break down glucose to produce ATP ; end product is then sent into the Krebs cycle/citric acid cycle to make more ATP
- mitochondria is used

heterotroph formula

oxygen + glucose \> carbon dioxide + water + energy