cell biology and cell specialisation

What are the principle components of the nucleus ?

Nuclear envelope nuclear pore nucleolus

What is the endomembrane system responsible for ?

protein and lipid synthesis and cellular packaging

What makes up the endomembrane system ?

Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus vesicles

What is the ER responsible for ?

protein synthesis

What is rough ER responsible for ?

Protein synthesis

What is the smooth ER responsible for ?

Lipid and steroid synthesis

What does intracellular mean?

targeted through cytoskeleton network

What does extracellular mean?

Excreted from the cell via exocytosis

What does the cytoskeleton do?

structural support for cells

What does the cytoskeleton do?

Cell motility

What does the cytoskeleton do?

Cell reproduction / division

What does the cytoskeleton do?

Transportation of substances

What are fibrous proteins made up of

Keratin actin or tublin

Why does mitochondria do

Responsible for generation of cellular energy via cellular respiration

What is the inner membrane of the mitochondria called

Cristae

Why is the critstae highly folded

To increase surface area

Properties of the hydrophilic head

Properties of the hydrophobic tail

Phospholipids range themselves into a phospholipid ______

Bilayer

What are integral proteins

run through membrane bilayer

What are peripheral proteins

Associated with either internal or external side of membrane

What’s a glycoprotein

Protein with a carb attached

What is a glycolipid

Lipid with a carb attached

What is simple diffusion

Diffuses down their concentration gradient , from more concentrated to less concentrated

What is active transport

Against a steep concentration gradient

What is facilitated diffusion

Substances diffusing with the help of transport proteins like channel or carrier proteins

What is exocytosis

Vesicular driven drive expulsion of large intracellular molecules

What are lysosomes

Digestive organelle containing hydrolytic enzymes

Why is autophagy

Where a cell self destructs

What is phagocytosis

Where phagocytes engulf and digest pathogens

What is the centrosome made up of

A pair of centrioles

What is meiosis

Cell division process where cells are produced that have half the amount of chromosomes in the parent cells

What cell type does meiosis occur

Specialised cells

How many chromosomes do humans have

46

What is mitosis

Cell division process that results in two generically identical daughter cells

What are nerve cells function

Conduction of electrical signals

what is an adaptation of a nerve cell

Cytoplasmic extensions

what is an adaptation of a nerve cell

Dendrites

What do dendrites do

Receive signals

what is an adaptation of a nerve cell

Axon

What does an axon do

Transmits signals

what is an adaptation of a nerve cell

Microfilaments / tubules

What is the purpose of microfilaments / tubules

To hold the structure of the nerve cells together

what is an adaptation of a nerve cell

Synapse

What does a synapse do

Transmits messages

what is a macrophages function

Destruction of pathogens

What is an adaptation of a macrophage ?

Pseudopodia formed of actin filaments

What is the purpose of the pseudopodia formed of actin filaments

Extension to drag itself along to chase the pathogen it’s trying to destroy

What is an adaptation of a macrophage ?

Lots of lysosomes

What are erythrocytes function

Transport oxygen

what is an adaptation of erythrocytes?

No cell organelles

what is an adaptation of erythrocytes?

Cytoskeleton maintains bioconcave shape

what is an adaptation of erythrocytes?

Haemoglobin

What is the function of myocytes

Contraction of movement

What is an adaptation of myocytes

Lots of protein filaments

What is an adaptation of myocytes

Lots of mitochondria

What is an adaptation of myocytes

Multiple cells fuse to form multinucleate muscle cells

What is an adaptation of myocytes

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

What is an adaptation of myocytes

Sarcolemma

What is the function of intestinal epithelial cells

Adsorption

What is an adaptation of intestinal epithelial cells

Microvilli

What is an adaptation of intestinal epithelial cells

Actin filaments

What is an adaptation of intestinal epithelial cells

Greater SA

What is sperms function

Reproduction

What are the adaptations of sperm

Flagella

What are the adaptations of sperm

Lots of mitochondria

What are the adaptations of sperm

Acrosome

What is the cell theory

All living things are made of one or more cells

True or false : do all cells come from pre existing cells

True

Cells are the basic unit of ____________ in organisms

Structure and function