Civil Rights VFL

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21 Terms

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Thurgood Marshall

A powerful proponent of equality that served as a supreme court justice.

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Brown v. Board of Education

A 1954 case in which the supreme court ruled that “separate but equal” education for black and white students was unconstitutional.

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Rosa Parks

Equal rights icon; started the Montgomery bus boycott.

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Martin Luther King Jr.

A well known civil tights figure. Gave the “I have a dream” speech.

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Southern Christian Leadership Conference

An organization formed in 1957 by MLKJ and other leaders to work for civil rights through non-violent means.

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Student Nonviolent Coordination Committee

An organization formed in 1960 to coordinate sit-ins and other protests and to give young blacks a larger role in the civil rights movement.

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Sit-in

A form of demonstration used by African Americans to protest discrimination in which the protests sit down in a segregated business and refused to leave until they are served.

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Freedom riders

One of the civil rights activists who rode bases through the south in the early 1960’s to challenge segregation.

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James Meredith

Won a federal court case that allowed him to attend a white university, (Ole Miss) but was targeted by racist groups and the state of Mississippi.

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Civil Rights Act of 1964

A law that banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, national origin, or religion in public areas and most workplaces.

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Freedom Summer

A 1964 project to register African-American voters in Mississippi.

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Fannie Lou Hamer

The voice for African Americans at the 1964 Democratic National Convention.

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Voting Rights Act of 1965

A law that made it easier for African Americans to register to vote.

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de facto segregation

Racial separation established by practice and custom, not law.

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de jure segregation

Racial separation established by law.

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Malcolm X

Member of the nation of Islam, a black supremist who preached anti-white rhetoric and separation.

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Nation of Islam

A religious group, known as Black Muslims, that promoted black separation and Islam.

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Black Power

A slogan used to encourage black pride and leadership.

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Black Panthers

A militant African American political organization formed to fight police brutality and provide services to ghettos.

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Civil Rights Act of 1968

A law that banned discrimination in housing.

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Affirmative Action

A policy that favors groups who were previously disadvantaged.