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The initial stage in friendship development is called
a. buildup.
b. continuation.
c. acquaintanceship.
d. deterioration.
c. acquaintanceship.
People tend to have the most acquaintances/friends during
a. young adulthood.
b. middle adulthood.
c. late adulthood.
d. latest adulthood.
a. young adulthood.
Sanford's friendships tend to be based on self-disclosure and intimacy. This exemplifies the ____ component of friendship.
a. contextual
b. sociability
c. shared
d. affective
d. affective
The fact that Bert's friend Ernie keeps him amused by telling funny stories best illustrates the ____ dimension of friendship.
a. shared
b. affective
c. sociability
d. communal
c. sociability
Most friendships are based on
a. choice and high reciprocity.
b. choice and low reciprocity.
c. strict rules and high reciprocity.
d. strict rules and low reciprocity.
a. choice and high reciprocity.
Which is not one of the three components of love, according to Sternberg?
a. Intimacy
b. Sociability
c. Commitment
d. Passion
b. Sociability
The phrase, "till death do you part," which is often said during marriage services, offers a good example of
a. passion.
b. romantic love.
c. commitment.
d. consummate love.
c. commitment.
While Victor and Victoria have very strong sexual feelings for each other, they have little interest in intimacy or commitment. This type of relationship is best described as
a. infatuation.
b. friendship.
c. consummate love.
d. companionate love.
a. infatuation.
According to Kahlil Gibran, author of The Prophet, the two sides of love are
a. passion and intimacy.
b. fear and friendship.
c. ecstasy and pain.
d. sex and caring.
c. ecstasy and pain.
Which statement best reflects the principle of assortative mating?
a. Opposites attract.
b. Love the one you're with.
c. Birds of a feather flock together.
d. You can't teach an old dog new tricks.
c. Birds of a feather flock together.
Arnold is a highly educated, intelligent young man with a less than pleasing disposition. As such, he is most likely to be viewed as an excellent potential mate
a. in every culture in the world.
b. nowhere in the world.
c. in some cultures but not in other cultures.
d. only in the United States.
c. in some cultures but not in other cultures.
Research on the biology of physical attraction suggests that neurochemicals related to ____ underlie the feeling of exhilaration that often is experienced when you fall in love.
a. barbiturates
b. hallucinogens
c. amphetamines
d. narcotics
c. amphetamines
A relationship in which one individual becomes violent or aggressive toward the other is classified as a(n) ____ relationship.
a. abusive
b. consummate
c. reciprocal
d. homogenous
a. abusive
O'Leary (1993) presents a continuum of aggressive behavior in abusive relationships anchored by ____ on one end and ____ on the other end.
a. physical aggression; verbal aggression
b. severe aggression; murder
c. verbal aggression; murder
d. physical aggression; murder
c. verbal aggression; murder
Which statement concerning singlehood, marriage, and sex differences in the United States is true?
a. Males feel more societal pressure to marry.
b. Males marry at a later age.
c. Females seldom have unresolved feelings about remaining single.
d. Females tend to "marry down" to males with lower social and educational status.
b. Males marry at a later age.
Ken and Barbie are sexually active singles who are discussing the idea of moving in together. They are definitely contemplating
a. forming an extended family.
b. homogamy.
c. cohabitation.
d. assortative mating.
c. cohabitation.
Part-time or limited cohabitation is usually undertaken because of
a. a strong desire to marry.
b. religious reasons.
c. convenience or sexual accessibility.
d. pregnancy.
c. convenience or sexual accessibility.
Which might best be characterized as a "trial marriage?"
a. Limited cohabitation
b. Substitute marriage
c. Premarital cohabitation
d. Part-time cohabitation
c. Premarital cohabitation
Which statement concerning gay, lesbian, and heterosexual couples in the United States is true?
a. Gay couples tend to receive more family support than heterosexual couples.
b. Both gay and heterosexual males tend to view love and sex as synonymous.
c. Gay couples have the same legal rights as heterosexual couples.
d. Both lesbian and heterosexual females view money as a way to maintain a sense of independence from their partners.
d. Both lesbian and heterosexual females view money as a way to maintain a sense of independence from their partners.
How has the median age of first marriage in the United States changed from 1970 to 2009?
a. It has dropped by about four years.
b. It has remained constant.
c. It has risen by about four years.
d. It has risen by about eight years.
c. It has risen by about four years.
Homogamy is ____ with marital satisfaction.
a. unrelated
b. positively related
c. inversely related
d. negatively related
b. positively related
According to exchange theory, the key factor in determining whether an exchange will increase marital satisfaction is the
a. length of time the individuals have been married.
b. age of the participants.
c. potential monetary cost of the exchange.
d. perceived equity of the exchange.
d. perceived equity of the exchange.
Which phrase best describes the typical pattern of marital satisfaction from honeymoon through retirement?
a. High to low to high
b. High to medium to low
c. Medium to high to low
d. Low to medium to high
a. High to low to high
Heather is only moderately happy with her marriage. Because of that, she is thinking about having a baby to make her marriage more satisfying. Is this a good idea?
a. Yes, because marital satisfaction increases with the birth of a baby.
b. Maybe, because when both parents want a baby, marital satisfaction increases after the birth of the baby.
c. No, as having a child typically decreases marital satisfaction.
d. It is uncertain, as there is no specific relationship between marital satisfaction and the birth of a child.
c. No, as having a child typically decreases marital satisfaction.
Which arrangement would be considered a nuclear family?
a. Mary, who is a single mother and lives with her two children
b. Sinead and Sean, who are a married couple
c. Tammy and Rick, who live with their two children and Tammy's parents
d. Cleo, who lives alone
a. Mary, who is a single mother and lives with her two children
In the United States, ____ of pregnancies are unplanned.
a. very few
b. about one-quarter
c. over half
d. nearly all
c. over half
It is estimated that it will cost middle-income parents about ____ to raise a child born in 2012 from birth through high school.
a. $80,000
b. $180,000
c. $240,000
d. $800,000
c. $240,000
Thirty-six-year-old Alexander and 25-year-old Jonathan are typical first-time fathers. We would expect that
a. Alexander will spend more time with his child than Jonathan.
b. Alexander and Jonathan will spend about the same amount of time with their children.
c. Jonathan will spend more time with his child than Alexander.
d. Jonathan will spend more time with his child if his child is male and Alexander's is female.
a. Alexander will spend more time with his child than Jonathan.
Which statement best describes familism?
a. Go forth and multiply as often as possible.
b. Specific family members are responsible for discipline.
c. Family needs are more important than individual needs.
d. We want to remain childless.
c. Family needs are more important than individual needs.
To qualify as "emotionally divorced," a couple must
a. experience a divorce.
b. seriously consider divorcing.
c. live in different locations.
d. fail to rebound in happiness.
d. fail to rebound in happiness.
Many divorced single parents run into problems with
a. disposable income.
b. familism.
c. dating.
d. homogamy
c. dating
Which statement is true?
a. Step-parents should encourage their step-children to avoid contact with their noncustodial parent.
b. Children in blended families tend to have better mental health than children in nondivorced families.
c. Step-parents need to be highly sensitive to the needs of a step-child concerning contact with noncustodial parent(s).
d. Adopted children should be discouraged from contacting their biological parents.
c. Step-parents need to be highly sensitive to the needs of a step-child concerning contact with noncustodial parent(s).
Which married couple is most likely to get divorced?
a. Pierre and Christine, who are from South Africa
b. Junko and Katja, who are Ukranian
c. Beavis and Madonna, who are American
d. Rosina and Carmelo, who are French
c. Beavis and Madonna, who are American
Lisa and Phil are more likely to end up divorced if they are
a. both European Americans.
b. both Hispanic Americans.
c. both African Americans.
d. from different ethnic backgrounds.
d. from different ethnic backgrounds.
Expression of negative emotions toward a spouse is positively correlated with
a. early divorce.
b. later divorce.
c. marital satisfaction.
d. expression of positive emotions.
a. early divorce.
The purpose of a "covenant marriage" is to make ____ to occur.
a. divorce less likely
b. divorce more likely
c. marriage less likely
d. marriage more likely
a. divorce less likely
In most divorce cases,
a. neither party feels disappointed or rejected.
b. only the wife feels disappointed or rejected.
c. only the husband feels disappointed or rejected.
d. both parties feel disappointed or rejected.
d. both parties feel disappointed or rejected.
The chances for remarrying for a housewife in middle or late life are generally ____ the chances for remarrying when divorcing young.
a. about the same as
b. worse than
c. better than
d. worse for men and better for women than
b. worse than
College-age students of divorced parents report
a. an increase in networking in their own lives.
b. a decrease in use of illegal drugs and alcohol.
c. poorer relations with their parents.
d. no discernable positive or negative effects.
c. poorer relations with their parents.
Unless they are poor, ____ than men.
a. women are more likely to initiate a divorce and more likely to remarry
b. women are more likely to initiate a divorce and less likely to remarry
c. women are less likely to initiate a divorce and more likely to remarry
d. women are less likely to initiate a divorce and less likely to remarry
d. women are less likely to initiate a divorce and less likely to remarry
According to research by Buss and colleagues, a(n) ____ man looking for a prospective mate would be most concerned about the woman's cooking competence and chastity status.
A. Chinese
B. Italian
C. Swedish
D. British
A. Chinese
Based on statistics, which pair would you expect to have had the most past short-term relationships?
A. William and Kirk, who are a gay male couple
B. Debbie and Alan, who are a heterosexual couple
C. Claire and Brooke, who are a lesbian couple
D. Joan and Crawford, who are a bisexual couple
A. William and Kirk, who are a gay male couple
Each of these women has just married for the first time. Who is most likely to get divorced?
A. Lucy, who is 17
B. Lacy, who is 23
C. Lanny, who is 29
D. Laurie, who is 35
A. Lucy, who is 17
Early in marriages,
A. women tend to be "blinded" by love and ignore their husbands' flaws.
B. women tend to be more concerned with keeping ties with their friends.
C. men tend to seldom admit that there are problems in the relationship.
D. men tend to be unconcerned about financial issues.
B. women tend to be more concerned with keeping ties with their friends.
How many of the following are rights that some countries extend to cohabiting partners: pension rights, insurance benefits, distribution of property?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
D. 3
In 1970, _____ couples in the United States were cohabitating. In 2002, _____ couples in the United States were cohabitating.
A. 3 million; 3.5 million
B. 3.5 million; .5 million
C. .5 million; 5.5 million
D. 55 million; .5 million
C. .5 million; 5.5 million
The main purpose of the Collaborative Divorce Project is to
A. assist same-sex marriage partners when they "divorce.
"B. encourage legislators to consider all divorces and being "no fault."
C. address custody issues involving younger children.
D. ensure that more couples stay married.
C. address custody issues involving younger children.
Singlehood is
A. increasing in African-American and Latino-American women.
B. increasing in African-American and decreasing in Latino-American women.
C. decreasing in African-American and increasing in Latino-American women.
D. decreasing in African-American and Latino-American women.
A. increasing in African-American and Latino-American women.
Which statement concerning marital satisfaction and having children is true?
A. Childless couples show no decline in marital satisfaction over time
B. The fussier the child, the less the drop in satisfaction as parents devote more time to childcare
C. A decline in overall satisfaction is a common pattern for with-child and childless couples
D. Marital satisfaction following the birth of a child decreases in European Americans but increases in African Americans
C. A decline in overall satisfaction is a common pattern for with-child and childless couples
Who is least likely to do household chores?
A. Ronnie, an African-American male
B. Bonnie, an African-American female
C. Donnie, a European-American male
D. Connie, a European-American female
C. Donnie, a European-American male
According to research presented in the text, what can be done to keep a marriage happy for a long time?Select one:
a. Confide in friends
b. Do not intrude on one's spouse's private life
c. Be up-front about one's issues with one's spouse
d. Be forgiving
d. Be forgiving
Alan and Darla are married and have decided not to have any children. They should expect to:Select one:
a. be less wealthy than couples with children.
b. have more marital dissatisfaction than couples with children.
c. be viewed negatively, especially by women.
d. have less freedom than couples with children.
c. be viewed negatively, especially by women.
Al and Peg are a typical American couple who have cohabitated for many years. If they later marry each other, they are likely to be ____ than other married couples who did not cohabitate. Select one:
a. more religious
b. less happy
c. wealthier
d. less at risk for divorce
b. less happy
As a typical American male, which of Bob's reasons for filing for divorce would be the MOST typical?Select one:
a. "My wife is one of those Women's Libbers."
b. "My wife had an affair."
c. "I hate my in-laws."
d. "I drink too much."
b. "My wife had an affair."
Compared with heterosexual fathers, gay fathers appear to be more concerned with: Select one:
a. ensuring that their children do not become gay or lesbian.
b. providing their children with a nonsexist, nurturing environment.
c. encouraging their children to avoid sports and pursue the arts.
d. raising physically strong daughters.
b. providing their children with a nonsexist, nurturing environment.
For most people, the decision to remain permanently single is:Select one:
a. due to the untimely death of their "one true love."
b. driven by economic factors.
c. the result of gradual circumstances, not a lifestyle choice.
d. made in the teenage years.
c. the result of gradual circumstances, not a lifestyle choice.
Penn and Teller have been friends for many years. In the past few months, however, they seem to have less in common, and Teller has been thinking more about hanging out with a potential new friend. Penn and Teller appear to be in the ____ stage of friendship development.Select one:
a. deterioration
b. continuation
c. acquaintanceship
d. buildup
a. deterioration
Rhett and Scarlet have a relationship characterized by a lifetime of marriage characterized by little physical desire and no sharing of thoughts or feelings. This relationship is BEST described as one of strong:Select one:
a. commitment.
b. passion.
c. intimacy.
d. infatuation.
a. commitment.
Which of these is NOT considered a dimension of a successful marriage?Select one:
a. Sufficient marital adjustment
b. Longevity of the marriage
c. High marital quality
d. Perceived marital satisfaction
b. Longevity of the marriage
Which statement concerning children and marital satisfaction is TRUE?Select one:
a. The birth of a child is usually viewed as a positive event, even though it is associated with a decrease in marital satisfaction.
b. Couples with children show a decline in marital satisfaction, while those without children show an increase.
c. Couples who are child-free due to infertility tend to have high levels of marital satisfaction.
d. Couples who are child-free due to infertility tend to have high levels of marital satisfaction.
a. The birth of a child is usually viewed as a positive event, even though it is associated with a decrease in marital satisfaction.
Worldwide, about 10 percent to about ____ percent of women report being physically assaulted or raped.Select one:
a. 25
b. 70
c. 55
d. 40
b. 70
Physical attractiveness is:
a. important in love relationships for females but unimportant for males.
b. unimportant in love relationships for both males and females.
c. important in love relationships for both males and females.
d. unimportant in love relationships for females but important for males.
c. important in love relationships for both males and females.
The assortative mating theory proposes that initial mate selection is based primarily on
a. instincts.
b. similarity.
c. love.
d. random factors.
b. similarity.
Which behavior will lead to a better chance of relationship survival?
a. Marriage education
b. Polygamy
c. Familism
d. Covenant marriage
a. Marriage education
Which constitutes an "extended family?"
a. Two parents, one child, and one grandfather
b. Two cohabitating (but not married) adults
c. Two parents and six children
d. Two parents and one child
a. Two parents, one child, and one grandfather
Which couple is least likely to maintain a happy marriage?
a. Han and Leia, who are motivated to meet each other's sexual needs
b. Ackbar and Mothma, who adapt to changing circumstances in the relationship
c. Luke and Mara, who find ways to keep the romance in the relationship
d. Owen and Beru, who do not discuss their marital problems
d. Owen and Beru, who do not discuss their marital problems
Which statement is true?
a. Men are not as violent as women in heterosexual relationships but are more violent in homosexual relationships.
b. Women are not as violent as men in heterosexual relationships but are more violent in homosexual relationships.
c. Women are not as violent as men in either heterosexual relationships or homosexual relationships.
d. Men are not as violent as women in either heterosexual relationships or homosexual relationships.
c. Women are not as violent as men in either heterosexual relationships or homosexual relationships.
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