Biology First Quarter Exam

Biology

The study of life

Observation

information gathered by using one of the five sense, or the process of gathering such info.

Interpretation

The explanation of meaning given to a set of observations, affected by ones worldview

Worldview

the perspective of presuppositions a person uses to view and interpret the world

Model

a simple workable representation of a usually complex object or concept

Theory

a model that attemps to explain a set of observations

Law

a description based on repeated observations of the relationships between 2 or more phenomena

Scientific Method

an orderly way of investigating phenomena by using measurable and repeatable observations to test a hypothesis

Hypothesis

A simple testable statement that predicts an answer to a questions being investigated using the scientifict method

Survey

a subset of observations gathered from within a larger possible set of data

Environmentalism

those who seek to improve and protect the quality of the natural environment

Conversvation

the preservation and wise use of natural resources

Biotechnology

the use of technology to enchance living organisms

Bioethics

the study of ethical situations in biology and medicine

Chemistry

the study of matter and the changes it experiences

Matter

the physical stuff that makes up the universe

Temperature

a measurement of the average speed of particles within a substance

Entrophy

the tendancy of energy to disperse

Bond

stored chemical energy that holds 2 atoms together

Compound

a pure substance made of 2 or more elements chemically combined

Diffusion

particles are in constant random motion and matter tends to spread things out (Brownian Motion)

Catalyst

a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction

Enzyme

a special class of catalysts occuring in living things

Organic Compound

Molecules that contain carbon covalently bonded to other elements

physical

___________________ change does not change matter identity

a substance used to reduce a catalysts undesierable effects

what is a ihibitor

conhesion

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

adhesion

An attraction between molecules of different substances

unsaturated fats

Lipids that have at least one double bond and don't have the max number of hydrogens

saturated fat

have only a single bond

carbons, hydrogens, oxygens

carbohydrates are composed of

smaller organic compounds

protiens are polymers of ________________________________

a central carbon bonded to 4 groups, an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, and hydrogen group

amino acids are composed of

a base with nitrogen in it, a sugar and a phosphate

nucleotides are composed of

biosphere

part of Earth in which life exists

ecology

The study of how living things interact with each other and their environment

biodiversity

The number of different species in an area

detritus

Dead organic matter (the waste product of plant and animals)

biotic factors

living parts of an ecosystem

aboitic factors

non-living parts of the environment

population

A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

community

All the different populations that live together in an area (living things that inhabit the same ecosystem)

Sustanability

The ability to keep in existence or maintain. A sustainable ecosystem is one that can be maintained

nitrogen fixation

bacteria converted to nitrogen in the air, into a usable form

transpiration

Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant

population density

Number of individuals per a certain area

limiting factors

environmental factors that restrict population growth

carrying capacity

Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support

primary succession

succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists, barren, has nothing left in the landscape

secondary succession

reestablishment of a damaged ecosystem in an area where the soil was left intact

pioneer species

The first species to populate an area

climax species

stable, long-lived species that mark the end of succession

logistical growth

expotiential growth

doesn't contain limiting factors and carrying capacity

Scientific Method

ask a question, research, Create a hypothesis, test hypothesis, Analyze results and draw a conclusion, publish results

cytology

the study of cells

spontaneous generation

Hypothesis stating that life could arise from nonliving matter

preformation

every germ cell contains the organism of its kind in a minature version that development involes merely an increase in its size

Robert Hooke

made the term "cell"

cell theory

idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells