GCSE higher biology unit topic meaning flashcards

cell biology

cell biology

a branch of biology that studies the structure, function and behaviour of cells. All living organisms are made from cells. A cell is the basic unit of life that is responsible for the living and functioning of organisms. Cell biology is the study of the structural and functional units of cells.

infection and response

Pathogens are disease- causing viruses, bacteria, fungi or protists, which can infect animals and plants Humans have an immune system, Which can defend them from pathogens, treating, curing and preventing disease.

Organisation

Biological organization system that is used to organize living objects from the smallest parts to the largest parts. It helps scientists organize living objects and understanding what living systems are made of.

Bioenergetics

Bioenergetics is the part of biochemistry concerned with the energy involved in making and breaking of chemical bonds in the molecules found in biological organisms. It can also be defined as the study of energy relationships and energy transformations and transductions in living organisms.

Homeostasis and response

homeostasis in the regulation of internal conditions to maintain optimal conditions for enzyme action and cell function. Automatic control systems involve nervous responses and chemical responses. Control systems have receptors, a coordination centre and effectors.

Inheritance and variation

The differences between Variation and inheritance is the characters or traits among the individuals of the same species. Called variations.

evolution

Evolution is a process that results in changes in the genetic material of a population over time. Evolution reflects the adaptations of organisms to their changing environments and can result in altered genes, novel traits and new species.

Ecology

Ecology is the natural science of the relationships among living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment ; It seeks to understand the vital connections between plants and animals and the world around them.