Fine Art: Music Test III Study Guide

before the middle ages, very little _______ music

notated

Epitaph of ______ was the oldest notated complete musical composition in the world

Seikilos

_____, France: the cultural center of Europe in the Middle Ages

Paris

Art existed in the Middle Ages, but it was _______ compared to the rest of the Western Art timeline

primitive

_______ Church: dominant religion in Europe in the Middle Ages

Catholic

Monks and priests _______ and sang the majority of music in the Catholic Church

wrote

only ______ music was written down in the Middle Ages

sacred

Most medieval music was almost entirely _____

vocal

Instruments were looked _____ upon by the Church in the Middle Ages

down

Monophonic melodies sung in Latin are called ________

plainchant

Daily ______: prayer services observed 8 times per day, with the chanting of Scripture

Offices

_______: the order of the service which also includes a yearly schedule of specific Scripture/chants for every service on each day of the year

liturgy

_______ von Bingen was a prominent female composer in the Middle Ages

Hildegard

Columba aspexit by Von Bingen becomes increasingly _________ (more than one note sung per syllable)

melismatic

Organum is the movement from monophony to _________

polyphony

700 AD - Parallel Organum: a _______ melody was sung to ornament the original chant in parallel motion

second

900 AD - Opposite Directions or _____ Organum: Notes move in ______ directions

free, opposite

1100 AD - Multiple Notes (Organum Duplum, Triplum, etc.): the two lines are completely _______ and the new ornamented line sings many notes per pitch (melismatic)

independent

The _______ ______ School of Polyphony was where priests and monks experimented heavily with Organum

Notre Dame

______ and _______ gave plainchant pitches defined _____ values and clear ______ groupings

Leonin, Perotin, time, meter

Secular music in the Middle Ages tended to stress _______ over virtue

sensuality

Guillaume de ______ was the most important ____-composer from the Middle Ages

Machaut, poet

________ were low-class wandering musicians/entertainers

Jongleurs

_________ were poet-composers from southern France; obsessed with _______ love

Troubadours, unrequited

Trouveres were poet-composers from _______ France

northern

Minnesingers were Troubadours from the ________ States

Germanic

Cantigas were basically Troubadours from ______.

Spain

The Renaissance means the ______.

Rebirth

The Renaissance was a rebirth of human _______.

creativity

______ became the cultural/musical center of Europe during the Renaissance instead of Paris.

Italy

The _______ Reformation (1517) weakened the power of the Catholic Church and the growing _______ class gained influence over art.

Protestant, Middle

The Printing Press invented in 1450 allowed for the _____ production of music.

mass

The number of ______ Musicians grew during the Renaissance which birthed church choirs/directors…many of them were not spiritually involved or led

Church

During the Renaissance, royalty and nobles began employing musicians at ______.

court

_____ Musicians in the Renaissance performed civic duties through music and played at public ceremonies.

town

The Renaissance was known as “The Golden Age” of Vocal _________.

polyphony

Music without instrumental accompaniment is called ________.

a capella

_________ Polyphony is staggered entrances of the same general melody that “imitates” the previous melody (Renaissance)

Imitative

Rhythm and melody in the Renaissance featured a ______ rhythmic flow without harsh beats. Melody tended to move in a ______ motion.

gentle, step-wise

In the Renaissance, music became a part of _____, which is a service of the Office open to the general public.

mass

Mass ________: the 5 components used for every mass and remained consistent.

1. ________ - confession

2. ________ - glory

3. ________ - creed

4. ________ - Holy, Holy, Holy

5. ________ - Lamb of God, have mercy on us

Ordinary, Kyrie, gloria, credo, sanctus, agnus dei

Mass ______: the components appropriate for a specific day and/or feast day (i.e. Christmas, Easter, etc.)

Proper

______: polyphonic sacred vocal compositions in Latin that are used as part of the Mass Proper.

Motet

_______ de Prez was a French Renaissance composer and considered the greatest composer of the Renaissance. He is famous for his masses and ______.

Josquin, motets

__ Tune Mass was a mass based on the music of a popular secular song.

Pop

The Council of _____ (1545-1563) was a collection of 20 meetings of the Catholic Church which resulted in returning to their roots. They were troubled by the increased use of ________, loss of text, and the emergence of masses based on popular songs.

Trent, instruments

During the Council of Trent, the Catholics decided instruments and polyphony were okay, as long as the text is ______ and not ________ by the music.

clear, obscured

Giovanni Pierluigi da _______ (1525-1594) is considered the ______ of Church Music.

Palestrina, savior

________: the most popular form of secular music in the Renaissance.

Madrigal

Madrigals used the _______ (local) language so the common people could understand them.

vernacular

The ________ Madrigal featured intense emotions and short, highly expressive poems.

Italian

Claudio _________ (1567-1643) was a transitional figure (Renaissance to Baroque) and wrote highly expressive music. He is known for _____ ________.

Monteverdi, word painting

The ________ Madrigal was simple, light, and humorous, featuring nonsense syllables like “Fa, la, la”

English

During the Renaissance, instrumental secular music was ________ to vocal music.

subordinate

In the Renaissance, there were only two dynamic options: ______ and ______.

loud, soft

Renaissance Dance Music remained relatively ________ from the Medieval Period.

unchanged

Baroque means “_______” referring to a flawed pearl.

misshapen

Baroque style is characterized by ________ and less motivated by symmetry.

extravagance

In the Baroque Era, the musical capital moved from Paris to ______.

Italy

In the Baroque Era, the aristocracy was enormously rich and wielded power and influence over ___.

art

In the Baroque Era, musicians became integral to society and were in very high _______.

demand

The Baroque Era began the _______ _________ ________ of Western Art music.

common practice period

Baroque: Melody is spinning and _______, with highly _______ melodic lines.

elaborate, ornamented

Baroque: Performers were expected to _______ ornaments in order to embellish the existing melodic line.

improvise

Baroque: steady beat and ______ rhythm.

driving

Baroque: Increased interest in ______.

chords

Baroque: Harmony moved away from plainchant and toward the new _____ ________ system.

tonal harmonyB

Baroque: major and minor _____ were developed.

keys

Baroque: Basso ________ was a team of 2 or 3 musicians that provided the rhythmic and harmonic flow to the music. They were the early rhythm section.

Continuo

Baroque: dynamics were _______. Sudden shifts from loud to soft or vice-versa.

terraced

Baroque: texture moved from homophonic to _________.

polyphonic

Baroque: pieces of music are often divided into __________.

movements

Baroque: typically, composers wrote __-movement arrangements:

I. Fast

II. ____

III. Fast

3, slow

Baroque: _______ making improved.

instrument

Baroque: the first _______ appears. _____ instruments made up the bulk of the orchestra along with basso continuo.

orchestra, string

_________ Camerata: The “Finer Things Club” of 17th-century Italy

Florentine

______: a staged drama set to music with acting, scenery, and costumes.

Opera

Opera evolved out of the Italian _______, which were musical dramas between scenes of an Italian play.

Intermedio

Opera was assisted with the establishment of trained singers, also known as _______ Singers.

Virtuoso

________ were the most popular Virtuoso Singers in 17th-century Europe.

Castrati

__________: A stand-alone piece of instrumental music that opens the production. Led to the development of the symphony orchestra.

Overture

______ is Italian for “Air,” meaning the melody. They were solos featured in operas where the narrative action stops and a trained singer is given the spotlight.

Aria

________ was the sections of singing designed to move the plot forward. Meant to sound closer to speaking than singing.

Recitative

The ________ in an opera was the characters singing together and interacting as a group.

ensemble

Claudio _________ is responsible for the first great operatic masterpiece, _______.

Monteverdi, L’Orfeo

Henry ______ (1659-1695) was an ______ composer who wrote the opera Dido and Aeneas.

Purcell, English

Dido and Aeneas was scored only for strings and ______ _______. It is based on a Latin ____ _____, Aeneid.

basso continuo, epic poem

Dido’s Lament features ______ _____, a repeated musical idea in the bass line. The use of ________ communicates slow death.

ground bass, chromaticism

Baroque _________ was the Church’s answer to Opera. It was based on sacred themes, sung in the ________, and had no scenery or ______.

Oratorio, vernacular, acting

George Friederic _____ was a German composer who was noted for his _______ and ___________.

operas, oratorios

His most famous piece is ______, which is a small-scale oratorio about the prophecies leading up to the birth of Christ and about the birth of Christ.

Messiah

Johann Sebastian ____ is arguably the most ________ composer of Western Art Music. He composed over 200 _______.

Bach, important, cantatas

Lutheran Church Music featured a _______, which was congregational singing. It was sung in the _________ language.

chorale, vernacular

The Chorale _______ is a short composition for organ that precedes the chorale.

Prelude

_______ was the Lutheran answer to the Mass, and was a multi-movement piece for chorus, orchestra, and organ. Much like Opera and Oratorio, however performed during a _______ ________.

Cantata, church service

The ______ family ruled the instrumental music of the Baroque Era.

string

Antonio __________ was an Italian composer, famous for his instrumental music and nicknamed “The Red Priest” due to his red hair and ambition for priesthood in the Catholic Church.

Vivaldi

Vivaldi worked as a teacher and composer at a Venetian Orphanage and directed the all-_______ orchestra.

female

The _______ is a solo instrumental work.

Concerto

The Baroque period concerto was often in _________ form.

ritornello