Brock Quiz 1 (Chapts 1-3)

Spontaneous Generation

The belief that life could emerge from nonliving matter

Miasma Theory

The idea that diseases like cholera came from "bad air" or rotting

Lack of Scientific Method

Observations were often accepted without experimental proof

Robert Hooke

Coined the term "cell"; used compound microscope but saw only structuress

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

First to observe live microorganisms ("Animalcules") using hand-made microscopes

Microscopes as a Game-Changer

Visualization of a previously invisible world

Crimean War and Civil War

Overwhelmed medical system led to improvisation

High Mortality from Infection

Poor sanitation, lack of trained doctors, inadequate supplies

Innovations

Field hospitals, ambulance systems, patient isolation

Florence Nightingale Core Principles

Ventilation, Cleanliness, Nutrition

Semmelweis

Linked Dirty hands to childbed fever; introduced handwashing

Lister

Used antiseptics to prevent surgical infections

Simpson

Advocated Hospital redesigned to prevent "hospitalism"

Crede

Prevented infant blindness with silver nitrate

Villemin

Proved disease could be transmitted

Rejected Miasma Theory

Showed cholera spread via contaminated water

Used Mapping and Interviews

Early epidemiological method

Impact

Proved data could challenge accepted beliefs

Angel Glow

Glowing Bacteria that hosted some healing properties

Florence Nightingale

Founder of modern nursing

Yersin and the Bubonic Plague

1894: Outbreak, 60,000+ dead

Phage Biology

The study of bacteria that infect other bacteria

John Snow

Linked outbreaks to contaminated water, laid the foundation of epidemiology

Robert Koch

Linked microbes to specific diseases, identified anthrax, tuberculosis

Louis Pasteur

Disproved spontaneous generation with the swan-neck flask experiment. Developed vaccines

Alexander Yersin

Identified plague bacterium

Typhoid Mary (Mary Mallon)

highlighted the role of asymptomatic carriers in disease spread