ARTH 173 Exam #3 Van Gogh to German Expressionism

Name: Head of a Skeleton With a Burning cigarette
Artist: Vincent Van Gogh
Movement: Post-impressionism

Name: Night Cafe
Artist: Van Gogh
Movement: Post-impressionism

Name: The Starry night
Artist: Van Gogh
Movement: Post-impressionisn

Name: The Scream
Artist: Edvard Munch
Movement: Post-Impressionism

Name: The Gates of Hell
Artist: Auguste Rodin
Movement: Post-Impressionism

Name: Job Cigarettes
Artist: Alphonse Mucha
Movement: Art Nouveau

Name: The Kiss
Artist: Gustav Klimt
Movement: Art Nouveau

Name: Jane Avril
Artist: Henri de Toulouse Lautrec
Movement: Art Nouveau

Name: Casa Batllo
Artist: Antoni Gaudi
Movement: Art Nouveau

Name: The Woman With the Hat
Artist: Henri Matisse
Movement: Fauvism

Name: Staircase for Hotel Tassel
Artist: Victor Horta
Movement: Art Nouveau

Name: Le Bonheur de Vivre (The Joy of Life)
Artist: Henri Matisse
Movement: Fauvism

Name: Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (The Young Ladies of Avignon)
Artist: Pablo Picasso
Movement: Cubism

Name: Ma Jolie
Artist: Pablo Picasso
Movement: Cubism

Name: Bottle of Suze
Artist: Pablo Picasso
Movement: Cubism

Name: Guernica
Artist: Pablo Picasso
Movement: Cubism

Name: Self-Portrait as Soldier
Artist: Kirchner
Movement: German Expressionism

Name: Masks
Artist: Nolde
Movement: German Expressionism

Name: Black Lines
Artist: Wassily Kandinsky
Movement: German Expressionism, Abstract

Name: Animal's Fate
Artist: Franz Marc
Movement: German Expressionism

Name: Self Portrait of a "Degenerate Artist"
Artist: Oskar Kokoschka
Movement: Independent

Name: The Tempest
Artist: Oskar Kokoschka
Movement: Independent

Name: Woman in Blue
Artist: Oskar Kokoschka
Movement: Independents

Name: Match Seller
Artist: Otto Dix
Movement: Independents

Name: Self-Portrait Nude
Artist: Egon Schiele
Movement: Independents

Name: Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash
Artist: Giacomo Balla
Movement: Futurism

Name: Unique forms Continuity in Space
Artist: Umberto Boccioni
Movement: Futurism

Name: Armored Train in Action
Artist: Gino Severini
Movement: Futurism

What is Van Gogh's brothers name?

Theo

What illness did Van Gogh suffer from?

Schizophrenia

What was the main objective that Van Gogh was trying to express in "Night Café?"

Van Gogh wanted to convey a message of isolation. He felt unwanted and disliked in public spaces.

What technique does Van Gogh use when applying paint?

Van Gogh applies paint in the impasto style which is the thick application of paint with palette knives or the ends of brushes.

What is Symbolism?

Symbolism is a strand of Post-Impressionism which incorporates themes of Romanticism and produces themes of irrationality and fear and a rejection of realism

What is "The Scream" painted on?

Cardboard

How many versions of "The Scream" are there?

Four

What does "The Thinker" in "The Gates of Hell" represent?

The Thinker represents being in a psychological hell.

What is Art Nouveau?

Art Nouveau is a movement based on unique craft and is a social reaction to industrialization. There are many decorative and organic forms in these pieces.

What is one iconic piece of art nouveau work that is still featured in homes today?

Pimpernel Wallpaper

Which celebrity has pimpernel wallpaper in her home?

Kate Hudson

What are two types of line work in Art Nouveau?

Noodle lines and Whiplash lines

What is Modernism?

Modernism is the technological, economic, and political processes associated with the Industrial Revolution.

What is Fauvism?

Fauvism or French Expressionism is a movement focused on color and form. It is said to be the first turn modern movement.

What were some of the criticism of Fauvism?

They were drunk on color and did not care for perspectives setting, and other technical factors.

What prompted Picasso's blue period?

Picasso's friend killing himself prompted the beginning of the blue period.

What prompted Picasso's Rose period?

Picasso finds love with Germaine, the ex-lover of his late friend.

What inspired "The Ladies of Avignon?"

Picasso's childhood memories of brothels.

What is Analytical Cubism?

Perceiving objects by breaking them down to their most simple form to analyze and rebuild them. Monochromatic color scheme

What is Synthetic Cubism?

Introduction of varied texture, surfaces, and collaged elements in fine art.

What does Ma Jolie mean?

My pretty one

What was the World's Fair of 1937?

The World's Fair showcased countries and their latest artistic and technological advancements.

What are some of the important qualities of "Guernica" by Picasso?

Use of only house paint, use of newspaper, and completion in two weeks.

What is German Expressionism?

German Expressionism is an art movement out of the early 20th century which focuses on honest inner feelings and thoughts. Started before WW1 and lasts until Hitler

Themes and motifs include primitivism, leisure, sex, war, dance, and city life, death.

Lustmerd - sexual murder, not real but gruesome and a symbol of gender roles, male artists felt emascualted

What is the first section of German Expressionism?

Die Brucke, which meant to connect the past to the future.

Who started Die Brucke?

Four architectural students Fritz Bieyl, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, Erich Heckel

What is Der Blaue Reiter?

Finding the spiritual in art in a philosophical sense. Der Blaue Reiter moved beyond realistic representation.

What condition did Kandinsky have?

Kandinsky had synesthesia, meaning he could experience two senses at once.

Who were the Independents?

The Independents were artists that responded to the Nazi Exhibition of Entartete Kunst (Degenerate Art). These artists worked against the Third Reich who stole painteings they deemed signifigant by Hitler. All of germany went to go see it. It said modern art was bad

What was the "War against War?"

A book of images of soldiers who were disabled from war.

What was Schiele's biggest fear?

Schiele was scared of sex and sexually transmitted diseases.

What is Futurism?

Futurism is the Italian form of Cubism. A group of artists wrote a manifesto saying they don’t caare about the past. They also said they hated books, museum, statues but loved violence, war, movement and technology

None actually fought in the war

Created bolt books insead of traditoinal binding, played with typography, wrote a weird cookbook of how to eat for differently etc

"Head of a skeleton" characteristics

- Painted by Van Gogh
- Post Impressionism
- Expressionist

-Dutch painter
- Van gogh was the most expressionist painter
- Supported by only his brother, no one else
- Maybe had schizophrenia
- Academy trained
- Got bored of traditional portraits
- ONly paints what he feels
- Feeling defiant

Night Cafe characteristics

• Painted by Van Gogh

• Post-Impressionism

• Uses non-local colors

• Very in your face, uncomfortable

• Van gogh had a fear of electricity, loud lights, vibrations

• Wen’t to cafe’s and felt unwanted and isolated

• Ate dinner at home with pictures of townspeople around him

The Starry Night characteristics

• Painted by Van Gogh

• Post-impressionism

• He was hearing voices and sliced his ear to make them stop

• He then checked himself into. mental hosiptal

• This is his view from the hospital

• Viewed himself as part of the universe

• Not a landscape, spiritual

• Colorful vibration of how he felt

• Used impasto technique and would put the paintbrush in his mouth which resulted in turpentine filling his bloodstream

Why did Van Gogh slice his ear?

He was hearing voices and swiped a knife at it to make them stop and ended up slicing off his earlobe

“The Scream” characteristics

• Painted by Edvard Munch

• Post-impressionism

• Scared of women

• Called women ““blood sucking vampires”

• Wavy guy, could be any human

• Portrays. irrational fears

• Munch was scare of bridges, heights, women, had anxiety

• Complex emotion, not happy or sad

• 4 versions made with non traditional mediums

“The Gates of Hell” characteristics

• Sculpted by Auguste Rodin

• Post-impressionism

• French

• Changed the sculpture genre

• Commission to French Govt.

• Turned to bronze 50 years after his death

• Built plaster mold

• Inspired by The last judgement and Dante’s Inferno

• The last judgement was put on top of portals in cathedrals

• Physical representation of hell

• Figures swimming arounf, damned souls,

• Psychological assault

• Thinker is on top not Jesus, over 100 figures

“Job Cigarettes” characteristics

• Painted by Alphonse mucha

• Art Nouveau

• Pimpernwl wallpaper

• synonomous woth art nouveau

• Large stone, wax crayon, acid soultion

• Job makes rolling papers for cigarettes

• John Bardow, peole misstook J.B for JoB and called it job cigaterres.

• Visual connection, whiplash lines for hairnand noodle lines

• JoB is hidden behind her head

The Kiss characteristics

• Painted by Gustav Klimt

• Art Nouveau

• New way of making art

• Organic

• heavy yelloe and gold w/ gold leaf

• Klmit sleeping bags

• Not full body, become one when they kiss

• Man has rectablges, woman has circles

• Diff types of people

• Paints womn post of thej time

Jane Avril characteristics

• Painted by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

• Art Nouveu

• Very close w/ his mom, he moved away, she went woth him

• Went to the cabaret, Moul in Rouge, lived in the underbelly of society

• Draws dancers

• makes lithographs and prints

• He became friends with the dancers and management offered to pay him for drawings

• They spread everywhere, his deadbeat dad called it filth

• Leased his apartrment to starving artists in Paris

• Moniker in bottom left corner

What was the cause of Toulouse-Lautrec’s short stature?

He fell off a horse and broke his femur which stunted his growth at a young age.

Staircase for Hotel Tassel characteristics

• Created by Victor Horta

• Brussels Belgium

• Art Nouveau

• Noodle lines, cuerver, whiplash

Casa Batallo characteristics

• Antoni Gaudi

• Art Noueveau

• Located in barcelona spain

• Gaudi was an architect

• Brings color , life, energy, bones, carcusses, authing that was alive

• Colored mosaic tiles, broken

• Nothing straight in the buiolding

• colored roof

• soft bone-like structure

Where did the name Fauvism come from?

A critic Louis Vauxcelles at his exhibit called “the autumn Salon” calles the Woman With the Hat fauves meaning wild animals

The Woman with the Hat characteristics

• Painted by Henri Matisse

• Fauvism

• Matisse was the leader of fauvism

• Didn’t struggle as much as other artists

• Matisse’s wife Amelie is the subject

• Modern spin of portraiture

• Nonlocal colors, colorful

• Wearing a dress with a high collar, belt

• Colors are chosen so you can still make out clothes, darker colors for shadows

• People were mortified

• She is leaning back in chair

• New technique and style going against the camera

Who said “Fauvism isn’t everything, only the beginning of everything”

Matisse

Le Bonheur de Vivre )The Joy of Life characteristics

• Painted by Matisse

• Fauvism

• Traditional elements with a degree of fun

• Landscape

• Color crateds the energy, location

• yellow ground, non-local

• blue in the horizon

• dancing, reclining female nude

• referenc e to the form

• two flkues at the same time

• reference to Poussin andf Rubins paintings changing ht emedium

The young ladies of avignon characteristics

• Painted by Picasso

• Cubism

• Primitvism and African masks

• 8×8ft

• This painting changed the game and made hom the father of modern art

• 5 prostitutes Picasso confronted as a child and was scared of them taken aback

• Did away with viewing the women with the male gaze

• Confrontational, metaphoric masks

• Some ppl view the ladies as standing and some as laying down

Ma Jolie characteristics

• Painted by Picasso

• Cubism

• Spanish

• means my pretty one

• term of endearment

• monochromatic shapes and typography

• supposed to be a person, hand

• gets bored fast

Bottle of Suze characteristics

• painted by Picasso

• Cubism

• Combo of mediums

• paper books, typography

• how the viewer sees and reacts to it

• Suze is a drink

• uses label from bottle

• playing with materials

Guernica characteristics

• Painted by Picasso

• Cubism

• Spanish comittee asked him to create something fro the world’s fair in 1937

• Commnuicated destruction

• huge

• modern technolgy theme at fair, humans can do this

• Female figure holding leftleg

• distorts the body, shows devestation, mom holding dead child

• horse neighing, bulltongue is sharp for scream

• No one knows wha tthe symbola the top means

• Bull could be General Franco called “the bull”

• Proves art doesn’t have to be rendered to portray human struggle

• UN uses it and sends it on travvling exhibit

• Rolled up the painting and shipped it

• Got to MoMa in the 80’s, they sent ti spain when PIcasso died

• Falling apart from travel

• Picasso wouldnt explain the symbols

Name: Three musicians

Artist: Picasso

Period: Cubism

“self-portrait as soldier” characteristics

• Painted by Kirchner

• German Expressionism

• part of die Brucke

• During WW1

• Him and all his fears includinglosing creativity, emasculated

• academies in Germany are teaching modernism

• distorted fiigures

• 75th batallion mark on clothes

• Dead behind their eyes

• Cigarette is a synbol of mulitary

• Neu hairstyle on woman in backgreunf

• Changes in society

• agresssive paint application, digs into canvas, unblended

Masks characteristics

• Painted by Nolde

• German expressionism

• Was begged to join die Brucke and beccame the best painter in the group

• Aggressive strokes

• Monster-like faces

• Hanging in space

• everybody has a mask,

• Trust, be careful

Black Lines characteristics

• Painted by Kandinsky

• German expressionism

• Der Blaue Reiter

• full of himself, called himself the prohhet

• Russian but moved to Germany bc it was modern

• First full abstract work

• Has synthestsia, colors corrolated to sound

• Listened to. msic and painted based on it

• Brings fine art ro everyone, htey can all enjoy

• abstraction is deconstructing the formal wualities

• Deported from Germany from Bauhaus art school where he taught

Animal’s fate characteristics

• Painted by Franz Marc

• German expressionssm

• Der Blaue Reiter

• Used animals as his muses, studied anatomy

• blue is masculine

• red is destruction

• green is envy

• loved color theory

• Tarp painter during the war, painted camo

• Died during the war

• Kangaroo, boar, horse

• right side has a burnt look

Self portrait of a degenerate artist characteristics

• Painted by Kokoschka

• German expressionism

• Independents

• Mona Lisa style ¾ turn

• represents himself as something that is hunted

• Guy in background carying a canvas

The Tempest characteristics

• Painted by Kokoschka

• German expressionism

• Independents

• HAd an affair with Alma

• Passion between them and chaos around them

• Influence from El Greco from Spain

• Alma is pregnant and break sup w/ him

• She gets an illegal abortion and he them orders a fetish doll of her

Woman in blue characteristics

• Painted bo Kokoschka

• German expressionism

• Independents

• “self-portrait” of Alma Fetish doll

• defiant

Match Seller characteristics

• Painted by Otto Dix

• German expressionism

• Independents

• One of toothes Art history BF’s

• Gunner during WW1 front lines

• Vets were treated poorly when they returned from war

• Cartoon like, angry artist

• POV is you’re looking down at him

• Skewed perspective to emphasize speed

• German ppl as a whole running from the wounded vets

• No legs and blind so this is one of the only jobs he can do

• almost like a martyr in front of a criss

• dog peeing on him

• wasn’t beloved

• paints a lot of women

• horrified by war

Self portriat nude characteristics

• Pinted by Egon Schiele

• German Expressionism

• Independentrs

• Negative space in bkgd to focus on the body

• influence of Klimt

• One of klmit’s works looks like Toothes sister in the 80’s

• Shown a book about STD’s by his dad

• Dad had incurable STD and died

• Shiele had a fear of sex and STD’s

• Fear of losing his creativity, anxious

• Uses Gouache paint and a little color

• Agitated linesm drawing like he’s scared

• rawform

• thick white outlines

Title: The Guitarist

Artist: Picasso

Dynamism of a dog on a leash characteristics

• Painted by Balla

• Futurism

• Paints movement

• diagonals across canvas like you’re walking

• memory image showing movement

• leash, tail, legs, ears all moving around

• at AKG in Buffalo

• Toothe Recreated it

Unique forms of continuity in space characteristics

• Sculpted by Boccioni

• Futurism

• Not a specific person

• base is broken up into 2 parts

• think about analysical cubism

• person moving unlike david

Armored train in action characteristics

• Painted by Gino Severini

• Futurism

• Viewpoint from his apaartment which was next to the train station

• aerial view, top down

• full of soldiers

• all the plants togather

When was modernism a thing?

End of 18th to the beginning of 19th century

Picasso biography

• Invented primitivism and cubism

• Born in spain

• Could figure draw at age 8, artistic genius

• Cause trouble with teachers bc he was bored

• His father was jealous of him bc Pablo was a better artist

• Male chauvinist but lived with his mom and aunt , treates women terribly

• Initially unsuccessful - moved to paris to start with impressionism

What’s the story of Picasso’s friend?

Name is Casagamas. He tried to shoot a woman who didn’t want him, Germaine. He misses and kills himself.

Enters his blue period - pallete is all blue, looks at people on the outcasts of society, visited mental hospitals, used this time to figure out his style, becomes relavent

Rose period - Starts dating germaine, 1904-1906, color back into his life, plays with the figure, color and shadow