APES Unit 4 Test Review

At what type of boundaries do earthquakes occur?

Transform boundaries

What’s the difference between weathering and erosion?

Weathering is the breakdown of rocks, erosion is the movement of rocks

Order silt, clay, and sand from smallest to largest particle size.

clay, silt, sand

Which particle holds the most water due to having the smallest particles and the smallest pore sizes?

clay

What’s the relationship between permeability and porosity?

The higher the porosity, the higher the permeability (larger particle sizes have higher of both)

What is how fast water can drain through a soil?

Permeability

What do acidic soils have less of?

nutrients

What is the atmosphere made up of?

78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 1% Argon, and .5% trace gases

Order the atmospheric layers from closest to earth’s surface to further away.

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere

What’s the significane of the Troposphere(closest layer to earth’s surface)?

weather occurs here

What’s the significance of the Stratosphere(2nd closest layer to earth’s surface?

absorbs UV radiation

What’s the siginifance of the mesosphere?

middle atmospheric layer

What’s the significance of the thermosphere?

hottest layer with the most direct solar radiation

What’s the significance of the exosphere?

Outermost layer of earth’s atmosphere

At each successive atmospheric layer, are gases packed together more or less densely?

Less densely

What is an area of land that drains into a central body of water?

Watershed

What is the amount of solar radiation an area recieves?

Insolation

Why do seasons happen?

the earth’s tilt

Which type of air holds more moisture?

Warm air

What side of the mountain faces into the wind?

Windward side

What side of the mountain faces away from the wind?

Leeward side

What effect is it when lots of rain occurs on the side of the mountain facing the wind causing lush vegetation, while the other side of the mountain facing away from the wind gets less rain, causing dryer conditions?

Rainshadow effect

What type of surface temperatures happen in El Niño?

warmer than normal surface temperatures

What type of surface temperatures happen in La Nina?

cooler than normal surface temperatures

What is the area of balance between colder deeper waters and warmer surface waters called?

Thermocline

What is the process of cold, nutrient-rich water rising up to the surface to replace the warm waters that were blown away by the wind called?

Upwelling