AP World Semester 1 exam study guide - Google Docs

BC vs AD

BC stands for Before Christ, while AD stands for Anno Domini, meaning 'in the year of our Lord'.

Spread of Islam

The process by which the Islamic faith expanded from its origins in the Arabian Peninsula to various parts of the world.

Muslim slave trade

The system in which Muslims captured and traded enslaved individuals, primarily during the medieval period, that linked various regions including Africa and the Middle East.

Art in Constantinople

The artistic developments and styles that emerged during the Byzantine Empire centered in Constantinople.

Manorialism

An economic system in medieval Europe where a lord owned land and peasants worked it in exchange for protection and a place to live.

Toltecs

An ancient Mesoamerican civilization known for its art and architecture and the establishment of the culture of the Aztecs.

Foot binding

A Chinese practice of tightly binding the feet of young girls to prevent further growth, symbolizing beauty and status.

Islamic ummah

The concept of a global Muslim community that transcends national and ethnic boundaries.

Crusades

Religious wars initiated by Christian states of Europe to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control.

Feudalism

A social and economic system in medieval Europe characterized by the vassalage system, where lords offered land to vassals in exchange for military service.

Saladin

The first sultan of Egypt and Syria and the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, known for leading Muslim military campaigns against the Crusaders.

European monastic societies

Religious communities in Europe during the Middle Ages focused on prayer and work, often isolated from society.

Trade in the Aztec empire

The exchange of goods and services within the Aztec civilization, which was highly organized and included a variety of markets.

Development in China

The various changes and advancements in political, cultural, and economic aspects throughout Chinese history.

Grand canal

A significant waterway in China, connecting the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, facilitating trade and transportation.

Art in Heian court (Japan)

The refined and elegant art style that developed during the Heian period in Japan, characterized by aesthetics in literature and visual arts.

Mongols

A nomadic group from Central Asia that established one of the largest empires in history during the 13th and 14th centuries.

Attitudes towards religion, Pax Mongolica

The Mongolian period of peace and stability across Eurasia that allowed for cultural and economic exchange.

Silk Road

An ancient network of trade routes connecting the East and West, vital for commerce, cultural exchange, and the spread of ideas.

Zheng He

A Chinese explorer who led large maritime expeditions during the Ming Dynasty, promoting trade and cultural exchange.

European exploration

The period during which European powers sought new territories, trade routes, and resources, especially in the 15th and 16th centuries.

Columbian exchange

The widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World.

Economic systems of New Spain

The economic structure established by Spain in its colonies in the Americas, characterized by encomiendas and a focus on mining.

Slave trade

The system of capturing, transporting, and selling enslaved individuals, particularly from Africa to the Americas.

3 major Islamic empires

The Mughal Empire in India, the Ottoman Empire in Turkey, and the Safavid Empire in Persia, known for their cultural and political influence.

Ming China

The ruling dynasty in China from the 14th to the 17th century, known for its cultural achievements and expansion.

Japanese isolation & Meiji Restoration

The period of Japan's self-imposed isolation followed by the dramatic modernization and industrialization during the Meiji era.

Reformation

A religious movement in the 16th century that led to the establishment of Protestant churches and a challenge to the Catholic Church's authority.

Westernization

The process of adopting Western ideas, culture, and norms, often leading to significant social and political changes in other regions.

Luddites

A group of early 19th-century English workers who protested against industrialization and mechanization, fearing for their jobs.

SAQ: Agriculture from 1450 to 1750

A short-answer question that may address changes in agricultural practices and systems between the 15th and 18th centuries.