9.1 - Endocrine System

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21 Terms

1

Endocrine System

A system that uses chemical messages (hormones) released into the bloodstream, having slower and longer-lasting effects than the nervous system.

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2

Function of the Endocrine System

Includes reproduction, growth and development, mobilization of body defenses, maintenance of homeostasis, regulation of metabolism, blood sugar, and water balance.

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3

Endocrinology

The medical specialty that studies disorders of the endocrine system.

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4

Hormone

A chemical messenger sent to many parts of the body to produce a specific effect on a target cell or organ.

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5

Exocrine Glands

Glands that transport substances to target tissues via ducts to the surface of the body or body cavities, such as tear and salivary glands.

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6

Endocrine Glands

Ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

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7

Steroid Hormones

Lipid-based hormones that can easily diffuse through cell membranes and bind to internal receptors; examples include testosterone and estrogen.

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8

Water-Soluble Hormones

Hormones, such as amino-acid based hormones, that bind to receptor proteins on the cell surface, initiating a cascade of reactions.

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9

Tropic Hormones

Hormones that target other endocrine glands and stimulate them to release additional hormones.

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10

Hormonal Stimuli

A type of stimulus that activates endocrine glands through the presence of hormones.

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11

Neural Stimuli

Hormone release triggered by nerve impulses, often under control of the sympathetic nervous system.

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12

Feedback Inhibition

A regulatory mechanism where the output of a process inhibits its own production to maintain homeostasis.

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13

Pineal Gland

A major endocrine organ involved in regulating sleep patterns and circadian rhythms.

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14

Hypothalamus

A brain region that plays a crucial role in hormone regulation and maintaining homeostasis.

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15

Pituitary Gland

Often referred to as the 'master gland' because it regulates other endocrine glands and their hormone release.

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16

Thyroid Gland

An endocrine gland that influences metabolism and growth through the release of thyroid hormones.

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17

Parathyroid Gland

Glands located on the dorsal aspect of the thyroid that regulate calcium levels in the blood.

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18

Adrenal Glands

Glands that produce hormones related to stress responses and metabolism.

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19

Insulin

A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels.

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20

Epinephrine

A water-soluble hormone that triggers the breakdown of glycogen into glucose during stress responses.

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21

Cyclic AMP (cAMP)

A second messenger involved in the action of water-soluble hormones.

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