speciation
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7 Terms
what is speciation?
the process new species forming from old/existing ones
what are the two types of speciation?
allopatric and sympatric
what is allopatric speciation? (2)
new species forming due to a physical barrier separating populations
different environmental conditions occur, leading to different selection pressures and different alleles being favoured
what is sympatric speciation? (2)
new species forming due to a non-physical barrier, e.g. a mutation or change in behaviour that prevents individuals from breeding to produce fertile offspring
over time this leads to change in allele frequency in different populations, and phenotypic leading to reproductive isolation
what types of changes can cause sympatric speciation?
temporal - different breeding/flowering times
mechanical - physical mismatch of reproductive parts
behavioural - different courtship displays
what is genetic drift?
a change in a population’s allele frequencies/what alleles get passed on that occur due to chance rather than environmental factors
why does genetic drift affect small populations more than large ones?
gene pool is smaller so less alleles available
changes in frequency therefore have a greater influence/become pronounced quickly
