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What part of the circulatory system opens to allow blood to flow through and closes to stop backflow?

Valves

List the four chambers of the heart.

Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle

How is blood pressure maintained by the circulatory, nervous, and muscular systems?

The circulatory system provides blood volume and vessels, the nervous system regulates heart rate and vessel constriction, and the muscular system aids venous return.

What happens to heart rate and arteriole diameter when there is a drop in blood pressure?

Heart rate increases and arteriole diameter constricts.

What are the functions of capillaries?

Exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues.

Cardioregulatory center of medulla oblongata  regulates blood pressure using baroreceptors and is part of w

sympathetic signal to increase heart rate 

How does exercising increase the flow of blood back to the heart?

Muscle contractions squeeze veins, pushing blood upward, and increased breathing rate also aids venous return.

What is the function of the coronary artery?

Supplies oxygenated blood to the myocardial heart wall 

What are the two functions of the respiratory system?

supply oxygen remove carbon dioxide.

Why does the respiratory system focus only on two main functions?

create ATP

What is the function of the epiglottis?

cover air passive of larynx during swallowing 

How does changes in air pressure facilitate breathing?

Inhalation: air moves from high pressure to low pressure 

What gases are exchanged in the lungs, and where does this exchange occur?

Oxygen and carbon dioxide; the site of exchange is the alveoli.

Describe the diaphragm’s role in inhalation and exhalation.

 Inhalation: Diaphragm contracts increase volume . Exhalation: Diaphragm relax to decrease volume 

What are similarities between the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems?

Both systems are transport systems that circulate fluids throughout the body using vessels and pumps

What do swollen lymph nodes possibly indicate?

Infection or inflammation in the body.

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

transport lymph, houses lymphocytes (fights pathogens) 

List the functions of lymph nodes.

Filter lymph, house immune cells, and initiate immune responses.

What role does histamine play in the body?

It’s a chemical released during inflammation and allergic reactions, causing vasodilation and increased permeability.

What is the role of B-cells in vaccine administration?

b cells are activated and form memory b cells

What are the functions of white blood cells?

Fight infection and disease.

Describe the role of bone marrow and thymus gland in T lymphocyte production.

Bone marrow produces immature T cells; the thymus gland matures and activates them.