Studied by 19 peopleMemory is best defined as
the persistence of learning through the storage and retrieval of information
Fill-in-the-blank test questions measure _; matching concepts with their definitions measures _.
Retrieval; recognition
Alex Trebek took special classes to learn Spanish in elementary school. As a young adult, he decided to serve in the Peace Corps and was sent to Guatemala. While he had forgotten most of his early Spanish training, he quicklt remembered it. This illustrates that
The speed of learning confirms that information is stored and accessible
Storage is to encoding as ________ is to ________.
retention; acquisition
To recognize the active information processing that occurs in short-term memory, researchers have characterized it as ________ memory.
Working
Parallel processing allows many sensory experiences to be encoded all at once
Some automatically, some with effort
During her psychology test, Anne Hathaway could not remember the meaning of the term proactive interference. Surprisingly, however, she accurately remembered that the term appeared on the fourth line of a left-hand page in her textbook. Her memory of this incidental information is best explained in terms of
Automatic processing
While your Mom is lecturing you about cleaning your room, you lose concentration. Then, suddenly you hear the significant words, "no car keys." When she asks, "Are you listening to me?" you are able to repeat the last few things she said before mentioning car keys. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?
Words stored in echoic memory will last for 3 to 4 seconds, so you can still recall her words
Amy Adams preforms better on foreign language vocabulary tests if she studies the material 15 minutes every day for 8 days that if she crams 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as
The spacing effect
Chunking refers to
the organization of information into meaningful units
Lady Gaga went to the store for furniture polish, carrots, pencils, ham, sponges, celery, notebook paper, and salami. She remembered to buy all these items by reminding herself that she needed food products that included meats and vegetables and that she needed nonfood products that include school supplies and cleaning aids. Lady Gaga made effective use of
The hierarchical organization
The statement, "The haystack was important because the cloth ripped," becomes easier to understand and recall when you are given the following prompt, "A parachutist." this best illiterates the influence of
Semantic encoding
Remembering how to solve a jigsaw puzzle without any conscious recollection that one can do so best illustrates ________ memory.
Implicit
Conscious memory of factual information is called ________ memory.
Explicit
Justin Timberlake remembers clearly when he first heard the news of the 9/11 attack. Although his memory may be vivid and he has confidentially related details of his story to others many times, Justin should be reminded that
Misinformation can distort lightbulb memories
When an eyewitness to an auto accident is asked to describe what happened, which measure of memory is being used?
Recall
Group 1 is asked to write down the names of the seven dwarfs. Group 2 is asked to look at a list of possible names of the dwarfs and circle the correct seven. Why might Group 2 be more likely to recall more names?
Group 2's list provides more retrieval cues, making this recognition task easier for them
The often unconscious activation of particular associations in memory is called
Priming
When someone mentions Ivy League colleges, JLo immediately thinks of Harvard University. In this instance, Harvard University is a
Prototype
Generating the single correct answer to an intelligence test question illustrates
Convergent thinking
Shawn Mendes did not know whether the locker room was located down the short hallway to his right or down the long hallway to his left. Crossing his fingers, he decided to try the short hallway. His problem strategy best illustrates
Trial and Error
Millie Bobby Brown systematically tried each successive key on her dads key ring until she found the one that unlocked his front door. This best illustrates problem solving by the means of
An algorithm
People have a tendency to search for information that supports their preconceptions. What do psychologists call this tendency?
Conformation Bias
In elementary school and high school, Tom Holland got away with copying his test answers from classmates. Because the college test proctors who were very observant, Tom spends as many hours devising new ways to cheat as it would take him to study and perform well in an honest fashion. Tom's strategy for passing tests illustrates the consequences of
A mental set
Mistakenly concluding that the forgetful acts of an elderly person must be indicative of Alzheimer's disease best illustrates the impact of:
the representative heuristic
KJ Apa overestimates the proportion of family chores for which he takes sole responsibility because it's easier for him to recall what he has done than to recall what other family members have done. This best illustrates the impact of
The availability heuristic
Language refers to
spoken, written, or signed words and the ways they are combined to communicate meaning
The various vowel sounds that can be placed between a "t" and an "n" produce words such as tan, ten, tin, and ton. These various vowel sounds represent different
Phonemes
In the words "lightly," "neatly," and "shortly," the "ly" ending is a(n)
Morpheme
When her teacher mentioned the arms race, Selena Gomez understood that the word "arms" referred to weapons and not to body parts. Selena's correct interpretation best illustrates the importance of
Semantics
Word meaning is to word order as ________ is to ________.
Semantics;syntax
The beginning of babies' receptive language development is best illustrated by their capacity to
Match another person's distinctive mouth movements with the appropriate sounds
Having spent his childhood in the Middle East, Rami Malek did not begin speaking English until he was a teenager. When he pronounces words such as "mother," native English speakers hear a word that sounds more like "mudder." Which of the following is the best explanation for this phenomenon?
As an infant, Babak lost the ability to produce sounds he never heard
It has been suggested that Alaskan Eskimos' rich vocabulary for describing snow enables them to perceive differences in snow conditions that would otherwise go unnoticed. This suggestion most clearly illustrates
Linguistic Determination
The isolated Piraha tribespeople of Brazil have no words for specific numbers higher than 2. If shown seven nuts in a row they find it difficult to lay out the same number from their own pile of nuts. This best illustrates the impact of:
Language and thinking
The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations is known as
Inelegance
To assess whether intelligence is a single trait or a collection of several distinct abilities, psychologists have made extensive use of
Factor analysis
Investigators detected a tendency for those who excelled in one of Thurstone's seven primary mental abilities to also demonstrate high levels of competence in other abilities. This provided some evidence of
General intelligence
Those who define intelligence as academic aptitude are most likely to criticize:
Gardener's concept of multiple intelligence
When Harry Styles becomes upset about getting a poor grade, he typically fails to realize that he feels scared. This lack of self-insight best illustrates an inadequate level of
Emotional Intelligence
The sort of problem solving that demonstrates "school smarts" is what researchers have historically assessed in their tests of
Intelligence
In developing a test of intellectual ability for Parisian schoolchildren, Binet and Simon assumed that
A bright child would perform like a normal child of an older age
When a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative and pretested sample of people, the test is said to be
Standardized
If a test yeilds consistent results every time it is used, it has high degree of
Reliability
If both depressed and nondepressed individuals receive similar scores on a diagnostic test for depression, it suggests that the test
Is not valid
Crystallized Intelligence refers most directly to a person's
Accumulated knowledge and verbal skills
Fluid Intelligence refers most directly to a person's
Ability to reason speedily and abstractly
Educational programs for gifted children are most likely to be criticized for
Encouraging the segregation and academic tracking of intellectually advanced students
Research on the determinants of intelligence indicates that
Both genes and environment have some influence on intelligence scores
The distribution of intelligence test scores among ___ Americans is represented by the normal curve
All
Note
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