Ap Psych Ch.5

Memory is best defined as

the persistence of learning through the storage and retrieval of information

Fill-in-the-blank test questions measure ___*;*__ matching concepts with their definitions measures _.

Retrieval; recognition

Alex Trebek took special classes to learn Spanish in elementary school. As a young adult, he decided to serve in the Peace Corps and was sent to Guatemala. While he had forgotten most of his early Spanish training, he quicklt remembered it. This illustrates that

The speed of learning confirms that information is stored and accessible

Storage is to encoding as \________ is to \________.

retention; acquisition

To recognize the active information processing that occurs in short-term memory, researchers have characterized it as \________ memory.

Working

Parallel processing allows many sensory experiences to be encoded all at once

Some automatically, some with effort

During her psychology test, Anne Hathaway could not remember the meaning of the term proactive interference. Surprisingly, however, she accurately remembered that the term appeared on the fourth line of a left-hand page in her textbook. Her memory of this incidental information is best explained in terms of

Automatic processing

While your Mom is lecturing you about cleaning your room, you lose concentration. Then, suddenly you hear the significant words, "no car keys." When she asks, "Are you listening to me?" you are able to repeat the last few things she said before mentioning car keys. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Words stored in echoic memory will last for 3 to 4 seconds, so you can still recall her words

Amy Adams preforms better on foreign language vocabulary tests if she studies the material 15 minutes every day for 8 days that if she crams 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as

The spacing effect

Chunking refers to

the organization of information into meaningful units

Lady Gaga went to the store for furniture polish, carrots, pencils, ham, sponges, celery, notebook paper, and salami. She remembered to buy all these items by reminding herself that she needed food products that included meats and vegetables and that she needed nonfood products that include school supplies and cleaning aids. Lady Gaga made effective use of

The hierarchical organization

The statement, "The haystack was important because the cloth ripped," becomes easier to understand and recall when you are given the following prompt, "A parachutist." this best illiterates the influence of

Semantic encoding

Remembering how to solve a jigsaw puzzle without any conscious recollection that one can do so best illustrates \________ memory.

Implicit

Conscious memory of factual information is called \________ memory.

Explicit

Justin Timberlake remembers clearly when he first heard the news of the 9/11 attack. Although his memory may be vivid and he has confidentially related details of his story to others many times, Justin should be reminded that

Misinformation can distort lightbulb memories

When an eyewitness to an auto accident is asked to describe what happened, which measure of memory is being used?

Recall

Group 1 is asked to write down the names of the seven dwarfs. Group 2 is asked to look at a list of possible names of the dwarfs and circle the correct seven. Why might Group 2 be more likely to recall more names?

Group 2's list provides more retrieval cues, making this recognition task easier for them

The often unconscious activation of particular associations in memory is called

Priming

When someone mentions Ivy League colleges, JLo immediately thinks of Harvard University. In this instance, Harvard University is a

Prototype

Generating the single correct answer to an intelligence test question illustrates

Convergent thinking

Shawn Mendes did not know whether the locker room was located down the short hallway to his right or down the long hallway to his left. Crossing his fingers, he decided to try the short hallway. His problem strategy best illustrates

Trial and Error

Millie Bobby Brown systematically tried each successive key on her dads key ring until she found the one that unlocked his front door. This best illustrates problem solving by the means of

An algorithm

People have a tendency to search for information that supports their preconceptions. What do psychologists call this tendency?

Conformation Bias

In elementary school and high school, Tom Holland got away with copying his test answers from classmates. Because the college test proctors who were very observant, Tom spends as many hours devising new ways to cheat as it would take him to study and perform well in an honest fashion. Tom's strategy for passing tests illustrates the consequences of

A mental set

Mistakenly concluding that the forgetful acts of an elderly person must be indicative of Alzheimer's disease best illustrates the impact of:

the representative heuristic

KJ Apa overestimates the proportion of family chores for which he takes sole responsibility because it's easier for him to recall what he has done than to recall what other family members have done. This best illustrates the impact of

The availability heuristic

Language refers to

spoken, written, or signed words and the ways they are combined to communicate meaning

The various vowel sounds that can be placed between a "t" and an "n" produce words such as tan, ten, tin, and ton. These various vowel sounds represent different

Phonemes

In the words "lightly," "neatly," and "shortly," the "ly" ending is a(n)

Morpheme

When her teacher mentioned the arms race, Selena Gomez understood that the word "arms" referred to weapons and not to body parts. Selena's correct interpretation best illustrates the importance of

Semantics

Word meaning is to word order as \________ is to \________.

Semantics;syntax

The beginning of babies' receptive language development is best illustrated by their capacity to

Match another person's distinctive mouth movements with the appropriate sounds

Having spent his childhood in the Middle East, Rami Malek did not begin speaking English until he was a teenager. When he pronounces words such as "mother," native English speakers hear a word that sounds more like "mudder." Which of the following is the best explanation for this phenomenon?

As an infant, Babak lost the ability to produce sounds he never heard

It has been suggested that Alaskan Eskimos' rich vocabulary for describing snow enables them to perceive differences in snow conditions that would otherwise go unnoticed. This suggestion most clearly illustrates

Linguistic Determination

The isolated Piraha tribespeople of Brazil have no words for specific numbers higher than 2. If shown seven nuts in a row they find it difficult to lay out the same number from their own pile of nuts. This best illustrates the impact of:

Language and thinking

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations is known as

Inelegance

To assess whether intelligence is a single trait or a collection of several distinct abilities, psychologists have made extensive use of

Factor analysis

Investigators detected a tendency for those who excelled in one of Thurstone's seven primary mental abilities to also demonstrate high levels of competence in other abilities. This provided some evidence of

General intelligence

Those who define intelligence as academic aptitude are most likely to criticize:

Gardener's concept of multiple intelligence

When Harry Styles becomes upset about getting a poor grade, he typically fails to realize that he feels scared. This lack of self-insight best illustrates an inadequate level of

Emotional Intelligence

The sort of problem solving that demonstrates "school smarts" is what researchers have historically assessed in their tests of

Intelligence

In developing a test of intellectual ability for Parisian schoolchildren, Binet and Simon assumed that

A bright child would perform like a normal child of an older age

When a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative and pretested sample of people, the test is said to be

Standardized

If a test yeilds consistent results every time it is used, it has high degree of

Reliability

If both depressed and nondepressed individuals receive similar scores on a diagnostic test for depression, it suggests that the test

Is not valid

Crystallized Intelligence refers most directly to a person's

Accumulated knowledge and verbal skills

Fluid Intelligence refers most directly to a person's

Ability to reason speedily and abstractly

Educational programs for gifted children are most likely to be criticized for

Encouraging the segregation and academic tracking of intellectually advanced students

Research on the determinants of intelligence indicates that

Both genes and environment have some influence on intelligence scores

The distribution of intelligence test scores among \___ Americans is represented by the normal curve

All