checkpoint 3
This part of the circulatory system opens to allow blood to flow through then closes to stop backflow.
Answer: Valves
2.
Draw and label the 4 chambers of the heart.
Answer: Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle
3.
Explain how blood pressure is maintained by the circulatory, nervous, and muscular systems.
Answer: Circulatory system provides blood volume and vessels, the nervous system regulates heart rate and vessel constriction, and the muscular system aids venous return.
4.
Explain how a drop in blood pressure affects heart rate and arteriole diameter.
Answer: Heart rate increases, and arteriole diameter constricts.
5.
List the functions of capillaries.
Answer: Exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between blood and tissues.
6.
The brain structure that regulates blood pressure is a part of what division of the nervous system?
Answer: Autonomic nervous system (specifically the medulla oblongata).
7.
Explain how exercising increases the flow of blood BACK TO THE HEART.
Answer: Muscle contractions squeeze veins, pushing blood upward, and increased breathing rate also aids venous return.
8.
List the coronary artery function.
Answer: Supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle itself.
9.
What are the functions (2) of the respiratory system?
Answer: Gas exchange (oxygen in, carbon dioxide out) and vocalization.
10.
Explain why an entire system of organs only has these 2 functions.
Answer: These two functions are the primary and essential roles of the respiratory system for survival.
11.
What is the function of the epiglottis?
Answer: Prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea (windpipe) during swallowing.
12.
Describe how changes in air pressure cause air to move into and out of the lungs.
Answer: Inhalation: Diaphragm contracts, increasing chest volume, decreasing air pressure in lungs, drawing air in. Exhalation: Diaphragm relaxes, decreasing chest volume, increasing air pressure in lungs, pushing air out.
13.
What gases are exchanged in the lungs? Where specifically is the site of gas exchange in the lungs?
Answer: Oxygen and carbon dioxide. Alveoli.
14.
Describe the diaphragm’s muscular role in inhalation and exhalation.
Answer: Inhalation: Diaphragm contracts and flattens, pulling air into lungs. Exhalation: Diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, pushing air out of lungs.
15.
Be able to label the trachea.
Answer: (Requires a diagram to label)
16.
Describe the similarities between the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.
Answer: Both are transport systems that circulate fluids throughout the body using vessels and pumps (heart for cardiovascular, muscle contractions/breathing for lymphatic).
17.
What sign(s) do swollen lymph nodes possibly explain?
Answer: Infection or inflammation in the body.
18.
Detail the functions of the lymphatic system.
Answer: Fluid balance, fat absorption, and immune defense.
19.
List the functions of lymph nodes.
Answer: Filter lymph, house immune cells, and initiate immune responses.
20.
Describe histamine’s function in the body.
Answer: It’s a chemical released during inflammation and allergic reactions, causing vasodilation and increased permeability.
21.
Describe B-cells’ role in vaccine administration.
Answer: B-cells produce antibodies that target and neutralize pathogens introduced by a vaccine.
22.
List the functions of white blood cells.
Answer: Fight infection and disease.
23.
Describe the role of bone marrow and the thymus gland on T lymphocyte production.
Answer: Bone marrow produces immature T cells; the thymus gland matures and activates them.