Bio evolution test

adaption

• natural selection, to work better in enviourment

Gene flow

• frequency changes if new people go in/out

Reproductive isolation

prevents mating or producing fertile offspring

Allopatric speciation

geographically isolated

Sympatric speciation

evolve in same geography, but still different species

temporal isolation

• individuals mate at different times of year

behavioutral isolation

• behaviors prevent mating

mutation

new gene effects frequency

5 mechanisms of evolution

adaptaion, gene flow, mutation, non-random mate, genetic drift,

what 2 mechanisms of evolution are random

mutation, genetic drft

non-random mate

If theirs a reason for choosing mate then prefrable genetic will be common

genetic drift

• population can change = different precentage

founders effect

• small portion of population starts new population away from new generation

hole in fossil record

no fossils to bridge belief species are related

desent with modification

• darwin’s idea of evolution

analogous structures (convergent evolution)

two unrelated structers that have similar purpose

Vistigial structures

strutures in body that lost orginal purpose

homologues structures (divergent evolution)

features in different species that share a common evolutionary origin, even if they serve different functions.

divergent evolution

• divergent evolution is when species that share a common ansestor accumulate more differences

Biogeography

• Traits got developed separately from common ansestor due to difference in enviourment

artificial selection

• desirable traits get breeded by people killing off those who don’t have the trait, so they natural increase

Ring species

Where as the species develops they can breed with the previous but the final stage cannor breed with the first, meaning they are a different spoecis

comparative embroyology

different specis show similarities in ansestors, shows in early birth stages but dissapears as they maturity

HOX genes

They dictate how the body is formed and they are in all animals

speciation

lineage splits, Basically they can’t breed w/ each other

ancestral linage

line comes from speciation event

COmmon ansestor

ansestors unque to lineage that are shared with others in the linage

claude

grouping that incluses common ansentor and all desendants

Cladograms

• Each part/line connecting to species is when a new characteristic is created

dervived charateristics

Characteristic event that creates the new specis

less related organisms

• species that branched from common ansestor 50 mil yrs ago compared to species that branched 10 mil yrs ago

Is more or less pores make bacteria antibiotics more effective

• more pores = more effective

Biological arms race

need to make stronger antibiotics to combat stronger bacteria

resistence process

occurs by killing bacteria that aren’t resistant, resistants take over and teach resistence

bateria process of becoming resistent

Bacteria not killed will have less competition = grow more = pass down resistence

Kurby Baur test

test for effectivness of antibiotics against bacteria

DNA for relation

can compare amino acids, closer # of difference = closer to species

clostest land aniaml to whale

hippo

whale early in evolution time

whales developed leaner body and snout, sharp teeth

whale late in evo time

• whales develoepd tail fin, large body, fins

Whale ansestor

Ambulocetus