Hippocampus

Hippocampus

Brain region crucial for long-term memory formation.

Medial Temporal Lobes

Brain areas involved in memory processing.

Long-term Memory

Memory system for storing information over time.

Memory Disorders

Conditions affecting the ability to remember.

Alzheimer's Disease

Progressive neurodegenerative disorder causing memory loss.

Institutionalization Risk

Increased likelihood of requiring long-term care.

Caregiver Quality of Life

Well-being of individuals caring for memory-impaired patients.

Alzheimer's Cost

Annual financial burden of $80 to $100 billion.

Anterograde Amnesia

Inability to form new memories after an event.

Retrograde Amnesia

Loss of memories formed before brain damage.

Henry Molaison (H.M.)

Famous case study in memory research.

Transorbital Lobotomy

Surgical procedure to alleviate severe epilepsy.

Seizures

Neurological episodes caused by abnormal brain activity.

Declarative Memory

Consciously accessible memory, easily verbalized.

Non-declarative Memory

Implicit memory, expressed through performance.

Explicit Memory

Directly verbalizable memory type.

Implicit Memory

Memory demonstrated through actions, not words.

Memory Research

Study of how memories are formed and retained.

Neuroscience Breakthrough

Discovery linking hippocampus to memory function.

Memory Types

Different categories of memory based on function.

Memory Systems

Networks in the brain responsible for memory.

Memory Formation

Process of encoding and storing information.

Performance Skills

Abilities shown through actions, not verbalization.

Bicycle Riding

Example of non-declarative memory in action.

Piano Melody

Skill requiring non-declarative memory for performance.

Memory Accessibility

Ease of retrieving stored memories.

Memory Preservation

Retention of memories prior to brain damage.

Cognitive Neuroscience

Field studying brain mechanisms underlying cognition.

Non-Declarative Memory

Memory supporting skills and habits, non-verbal.

Basal Nuclei

Brain structures involved in motor control.

Motor Learning

Acquisition of skills involving body movements.

Hippocampal Amnesics

Patients with hippocampal damage affecting memory.

Parkinson's Disease

Neurological disorder affecting movement and memory.

Striatum

Part of basal nuclei involved in skill memory.

Skill Learning

Improvement in performance through practice.

Double Dissociation

Two functions supported by different brain systems.

Spatial Memory

Memory for the physical layout of environments.

London Taxi Drivers

Professionals requiring extensive spatial navigation skills.

The Knowledge

Intensive training for London taxi drivers' navigation.

Hippocampal Volume

Size of the hippocampus, linked to memory capacity.

Neuronal Correlation

Relationship between neuron count and memory function.

Atrophy

Degeneration of brain tissue, affecting memory.

Medicated vs. Unmedicated

Comparison of treatment effects on Parkinson's patients.

Accuracy in Skill Learning

Measure of performance improvement over trials.

Verbalization of Memory

Expressing memories through spoken language.

Control Group

Healthy participants without memory impairments.

Cognitive Function

Mental processes involved in learning and memory.

Neuroplasticity

Brain's ability to reorganize and adapt.

Skill Memory Deficiency

Impaired ability to learn motor skills.

Learning Trials

Repeated attempts to acquire a skill.

Patient Group Comparison

Analyzing differences between various patient types.

Evolutionary Relevance

Importance of memory systems in survival.

Neuropsychological Study

Research examining brain function and behavior.

Neurons

Nerve cells that transmit information in the brain.

Chickadees

Birds that cache food in numerous locations.

Food Caching

Hiding food in various spots for later retrieval.

Place Cells

Hippocampal cells that activate based on location.

Sensory Integration

Combining sensory information in the parietal cortex.

Medial Temporal Lobe

Brain region where sensory information is processed.

Parahippocampal Cortex

Part of medial temporal lobe involved in memory.

Contextual Memory

Memory tied to specific contexts and environments.

Memory Retrieval

Process of accessing stored information from memory.

Environmental Context

Surroundings that influence memory formation and recall.

Cell Activation

Specific neurons firing in response to location.

Familiar Environment

Known surroundings where memory retrieval is enhanced.

Novel Environment

Unfamiliar surroundings leading to generalized cell activity.

Memory Binding

Combining elements of experience into a single memory.

Hippocampal Function

Integrates sensory information for memory creation.

Survival and Memory

Memory aids in survival by locating essential resources.

Emotional Context

Feelings associated with memories enhance recall.

Cognitive Mapping

Mental representation of physical locations and environments.

Long-term memory

Memories stored independently of the hippocampus.

Dentate gyrus

Neuronal region resembling teeth, processes memory parts.

CA1 region

Neuronal area in hippocampus, involved in memory retrieval.

CA3 region

Neuronal area that processes memory before CA1.

Memory consolidation

Process of forming strong, lasting memories.

Memory Palace

Mnemonic technique using spatial memory for recall.

Mossy fiber pathway

Pathway connecting dentate gyrus to CA3 region.

Schaefer collateral pathway

Pathway from CA3 to CA1 for memory output.

Speculum

Pathway returning memory information to cortex.

Memory pathways

Routes through which memories are processed and stored.

Consolidated memories

Memories that are robust and widely distributed.

Neuronal explosion

High density of neurons in dentate gyrus.

Cortex

Brain area where memories are stored long-term.

H.M.

Patient who lost ability to form new memories.

Pathway memorization

Using familiar routes to remember complex information.

Preference pathway

Pathway linking internal cortex to dentate gyrus.

Memory representation

How memories are encoded and stored in the brain.

Memory retrieval

Process of accessing stored memories.

Cognitive mapping

Mental representation of physical locations.

Concrete memory

Strongly formed memory resistant to disruption.

Memory pathways convergence

Multiple pathways leading to a single memory point.

Arbitrary terms

Randomly chosen items used in memory techniques.

Internal cortex

Area where information enters before processing.

Cortex distribution

Spread of memory representations across the cortex.

Memory champions

Individuals skilled in advanced memory techniques.

Mossy Fiber Pathways

Neuronal connections in the hippocampus.

Dentate Gyrus

Region with high neuron density for memory.

Pattern Separation

Extracting specific details from broader memories.

Pattern Completion

Recalling entire memories from partial cues.