BIOL 1306 Chapter 6

Why do we have storage macromolecules, such as fats, in our bodies?

We can break down these macromolecules to provide energy

Energy is defined as

the capacity to do work.

The amount of energy available to do work is called

free energy

The energy needed to destabilize existing chemical bonds and start a chemical reaction is

activation energy

If a drug is bound to the active site of the enzyme, it prevents substrate binding. This drug would be

a competitive inhibitor.

Oxidation and reduction reactions are chemical processes that result in a gain or loss of

electrons

Creating sugar molecules through photosynthesis requires energy absorbed from sunlight. What kind of reaction is this?

endergonic

A chemical reaction is exergonic. What is the relationship between the reactants and the products in this reaction?

The reactants have more free energy than the products

The organic nonprotein components that aid in enzyme functioning are called

coenzymes

The inorganic nonprotein components that participate in enzyme catalysis are known as

cofactors

The chemistry of living systems representing all chemical reactions is called

metabolism

A calorie is the commonly used unit of chemical energy. It is also the unit of

heat

The term oxidation is derived from the name of the element oxygen. This is reasonable, because oxygen

attract electrons very strongly

When an atom or molecule gains one or more electrons, it is

reduced

The ultimate source of energy for humans comes from what source?

The Sun

In cellular respiration, not all of the energy that is contained in glucose is converted into the energy. What happened?

It is lost as heat

The Law of Thermodynamics that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed is

The First Law of Thermodynamics

The Law of Thermodynamics that states that increases in entropy are favored is

The Second Law of Thermodynamics

In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the reactant is called the

substrate

When the substrate is bound to the enzyme, the shape of the enzyme may change slightly, leading to

an induced fit

In order to reuse an enzyme after the conclusion of an enzyme catalyzed reaction, what must occur?

the enzyme has to separate itself from the product

What type of chemical reactions are anabolic and catabolic metabolic reactions?

Anabolic reactions are endergonic, whereas catabolic are exergonic.

Under standard conditions, ATP can release for every molecule converted to ADP

7.3 Kcal of energy.

Does ADP contain the capacity to provide energy for the cell?

Yes. Breaking bond BTW sugar & the 2 phosphate groups can provide energy

If you wanted to slow down that particular cellular activity by controlling the enzyme, what could you do?

Decrease the temperature of the incubator where the cells are growing