MIS 2223 Chapter 10

application generation system

provides tools for creating data entry forms with specialized programming languages

attribute

(n.) a quality or characteristic belonging to or associated with someone or something

batch processing

Accumulating transaction records into groups or batches for processing at a regular interval such as daily or weekly. The records are usually sorted into some sequence (such as numerically or alphabetically) before processing.

character

the distinctive qualities

child node

A node in a binary tree below another node

class

Group of similar orders

Commercial database

A cost-estimating approach that uses a database, typically software-driven, to create the cost estimate for a project.

common data item

In a relational database, all related tables must have a common data item or key field.

company database

may be stored on a central database server and managed by a database administrator

Data

Facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis

Data administration subsystem

helps you manage the overall database environment by providing facilities for backup and recovery, security management, query optimization, concurrency control, and change management

Data bank

a large store of information, which may include several databases

data cube

The common term for the representation of multidimensional data

data definition subsystem

helps you create and maintain the data dictionary and define the structure of the files in a database

data dictionary

compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model

data integrity

In a database or a collection of databases, the condition that exists when data values are consistent and in agreement with one another.

data maintenance

includes activities related to adding, deleting, or replacing the standing data portions of master data

data manipulation subsystem

provides tools for maintaining and analyzing data

data mining

the process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone

data redundancy

occurs when unnecessary duplicate information exists in a database

data warehouse

A logical collection of information gathered from many different operational databases that support business analysis activities and decision-making tasks

Database

a collection of organized data that allows access, retrieval, and use of data

database administrator

the person responsible for coordinating, controlling, and managing the database

Database Management System (DBMS)

creates, reads, updates, and deletes data in a database while controlling access and security

Database Model

Describes the relationship between the data elements and provides a framework for organizing the data.

DBMS engine

accepts logical requests from the various other DBMS subsystems, converts them into their physical equivalent, and actually accesses the database and data dictionary as they exist on a storage device.

distributed database

A logically related database that is stored in two or more physically independent sites.

entity

anything having existence

field

a grouping of logically related characters into a word, a small group of words, or a complete number

Firewall

a part of a computer system or network that is designed to block unauthorized access while permitting outward communication.

Hierarchical Database

Organizes data using a tree like or organizational chart type structure

individual database

A combined set of data files intended to be used by one person.

Information Utility

Adding value to products by opening two-way flows of information between marketing participants.

key field

A field in a record that uniquely identifies instances of that record so that it can be retrieved, updated, or sorted

logical view

how people conceptually organize, view, and understand the relationships among data items

many-to-many relationship

In databases, a relationship in which one record in Table A can relate to many matching records in Table B, and vice versa.

method

a way of doing something, especially a systematic way

multidimensional database

stores data that can be analyzed from different perspectives called dimensions

Network Database

a database where records can be networked to other records through paths that are different from the hierarchy itself

Node

A point on a standing wave that has no displacement from the rest position

NoSQL

A new generation of database management systems that is not based on the traditional relational database model.

object

anything that is visible, tangible, and stable in form

object-oriented database

a major type of database that operates by storing data in objects rather than in tables

one-to-many relationship

A relationship between two tables in a database in which one record in the primary table can match many (zero, one, or many) records in the related table.

online processing

the ability to receive and evaluate information as events happen, allowing us to remember our evaluation even if we have forgotten the specific events that caused it

Parent Node

A node, including the root, which has one or more child nodes connected to it.

personal computer database

A collection of integrated files primarily used by just one person. (see also individual database)

physical view

the way data are physically arranged and stored in the computer system

Pointers

Used to show the relationship between data fields and tables.

Primary Key

The field selected as a unique identifier for the database.

processing rights

Determining which people have access to what kinds of data in the database

query by example (QBE)

helps users graphically design the answer to a question against a database

real-time processing

the processing of database transactions in which the database is updated while the transaction is taking place

record

collection of related fields

relation

table in a relational database

relational database

A database that represents data as a collection of tables in which all data relationships are represented by common values in related tables

Schema

a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

Structured Query Language (SQL)

an international standard language for processing a database

table

collection of related records