Race and Ethnicity Chapter 4

Highest to lowest median household income in 2016

Asian Americans, whites, Hispanics, blacks

Ethnic groups that received reparations

Japanese Americans

Ethnic groups that did not receive reparations

Mexican Americans, American Indians

Major events in the 1930s and 1940s (chronologically)

Great Depression begins

Social Security Act

United States enters WWII

Taft-Hartley Act

Ethnic group poverty levels, highest to lowest

black, Hispanic, Asian, white

President Lyndon B. Johnson

made targeted improvement to inner-city ghettos through his War on Poverty

President Richard Nixon

shifted the welfare focus away from programs that targeted American’s urban poor

President Bill Clinton

helped pass the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act

Occupations ineligible for new deal benefits

Domestic service, farmwork

Occupations eligible for new deal benefits

manufacturing

How were nonwhites excluded from GI benefits?

administration of the bill was granted to state and local authorities

Inner-city poverty factors

When considering whether or not white men are hurt by affirmative action, the authors conclude which of the following?

Whites do not lose out from affirmative action, and sometimes can also benefit

Reasons why black workers were more attractive to employers

Reasons:

compared to white, black men would work longer hours for less pay

many unions did not allow black men to join

Not Reasons:

labor laws applied only to whites

black men were highly skilled in these areas as a result of slavery

Most to least likely to get a job callback according to Pager

whites without a criminal record

whites with a criminal record

blacks without a criminal record

blacks with a criminal record

Black middle class

largely formed through government action

Not true about the black middle class:

black corporate executives have comparable levels of wealth with white corporate executives

once black attain professional occupations, race-based discrimination ceases to be important

while poor black live in segregated neighborhoods, middle class blacks live in segregated neighborhoods

Devah Pager found:

whites convicted of selling drugs were more likely to land a job than blacks with no criminal historywhites with a criminal record were favored over blacks without one in job callbacks.

Marianna Bertrand and Sendhil Mullaintathan

compared to applicants with black-sounding names, those with black-sounding names, those with white-sounding names were 50 percent more likely to be called for an interview