Placebo Effects and Testimonials
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15 Terms
Placebo effect
The tendency of people to report that any treatment has helped them, regardless of whether it has a real therapeutic element.
Case study
An investigation that looks intensely and in detail at a single individual or very small number of individuals.
Testimonial
A personal account or story that supports a particular theory or treatment, often based on personal experience.
Pseudoscientific claims
Claims that appear to be scientific but lack scientific evidence or support.
Vividness of information
The impact of information that is emotionally engaging or memorable, often influencing interpretation of scientific evidence.
Identify pseudoscientific claims
The process of recognizing and distinguishing claims that lack scientific evidence or support.
Unfalsifiable theory
A theory that cannot be proven or disproven by empirical evidence, making confirmations or proofs meaningless.
Clinical experience
Personal experience gained through working with patients or clients, often used as evidence to support psychological theories or treatments.
Spontaneous remission
The natural recovery or improvement of a condition without any specific treatment.
Control group
A group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment being tested, used as a comparison to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment.
Placebo control
A control group in an experiment that receives a placebo, a treatment that has no therapeutic element, used to compare the effects of the actual treatment.
Base-rate
The frequency or probability of an event occurring in a population, used to evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment.
Selective perception
The tendency to perceive and remember information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or expectations.
Confirmation bias
The tendency to seek, interpret, and remember information that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or expectations.
Cognitive misers
The tendency of humans to use the least taxing mental processes when approaching a problem.