Past BME Exam T/F

fast breathing will lower O2 in the blood and increase blood pH, causing alkalosis

true

according to Fick’s, gas exchange increases when respiratory membranes become thicker

false

radius of blood vessel expands to approximately 2 times its original radius, with all other factors remaining constant, blood flow rate increases by 16

true

molecules eliminated from the blood htrough first-order kinetics have a constant half-life, regardless of concentration in blood

true

two balloons of same materials but different sizes are connected, air will flow from small to large

true

both pacemakers and ICDs can be implanted, ICDs send low-energy electrical impulses to correct slow/irregular heartbeats.

false

cells membrane potential is the charge on the outside of the cell relative to the inside

false

doppler ultrasound imaging has no signal if your probe is perpendicular to the blood vessel

true

gamma-emitting radioactive isotopes are used in PET while positron-emitting radioactive isotopes are used in SPECT

false

drug A, with logP of 1, is less soluble in water compared to drug B with a logP of 0.1

true

drug administered via subcutaneous injection has a higher bioavailability than drug administered via intravenous injection

false

drug with TI of 50 is safer than a drug with TI 10

true

drug dose and administration frequency needs to be calibrated to make the drug concentration in the blood is between LD50 and ED50

false

micelle nanoparticles have hydrophobic cores and hydrophilic shells. water-insoluable drugs can be loaded into the micellular cores

true

if drugs are realsed form nanoparticles in response to changes in tissue environmental pH, the tissue pH serves as an external stimulus to control drug release

false

hydrogels can be used for local drug delivery. compared to degradeable hydrogels, non-degradeable hydrogels ar emore suitable for long-term drug release.

true

xenograft refers to using tissues/cells from non-human species to humans. it has the risk of immune rejections

true

cell a has a growth rate constant of 10 per day while cell b has a growth rate constant of 2 per day. cell b grows faster than cell a

false

if the human body uses antibodies produced by immune system to neutralize and clear viruses, this response is adaptive immunity and humoral immunity

true

both natural infection and vaccination provide active immunity

true

human antibodies are classified into five isotypes, including IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA, and IgE. specifically, IgA is involved in allergy reactions

false

compared to polyclonal antibodies, monoclonals are more suitable for being used in biosensors for diagnosing viral disease

false

COVID-19 vaccines produced by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna are mRNA vaccines

true

IN hemodialysis, ultrafiltration refers to removal of excess water from blood. in kidney function, filtration refers to the removal of small moleclules and water from the blood in the glomerulus

true

grade 4 tumor is more dangerous than grade 1 tumor as grade 1 tumor is poorly differentiated and grows faster

false

beta paticles cannot penetrate tissues as deep as gamma rays. beta particles are often used in internal radiation therapy, such as brachytherapy

true

1 Gy of alpha radiation cause the same biological damage as 1 Gy of gamma radiation

false

trastuzumab antibody therapy can only benefit breast cancer patients whose breast cancer cells overexpress a receptor called HER2

true

informed consent is not necessary when conducing research on human subjects if the technology being tested is deemed low risk

false