GACE Elementary Education: Practice Test 1

phonemic awareness

The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words

phonemes

smallest unit of sound

diagraph

combination of 2 letters possessing a single sound (graph= ph/ swing=ng/chance=ch/head=ea; ch=cheese)

active listening

Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies

oral reading fluency

measure how many words a student can accurately read in a minute.

structural analysis

the process of using familiar word parts (base words, prefixes, and suffixes) to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words.

What are the six categories of Bloom's taxonomy?

1. Knowledge: The ability to recall facts

2. Comprehension: student fully understands material

3. Application: Student can use information in an abstract way

4. Analysis: Hierarchy of ideas can be organized by student; concept can be broken down into parts

5. Synthesis: putting together parts of a concept

6. Evaluation: Students form their own judgement about what has been learned

What are Bloom's "action words"? Draw the diagram

Decoding

ability to apply your knowledge of letter-sound relationships, including knowledge of letter patterns, to correctly pronounce written words

abstract nouns

names ideas, qualities, and feelings that can't be seen or touched

example: love

concrete nouns

These refer to people or things that exist physically and that at least one of the senses can detect. You can touch, smell, see, or hear them.

Examples: cat, desk, baby, bike

holistic rubric

A grading instrument that uses one scale for an entire project.

irregular word

words that do not adhere to the common rules of phonics

example: fight

morpheme

in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word

(such as a prefix)

Consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) word

a: bad, cat

u: bud, cut

media literacy

the learned ability to access, interpret, and evaluate media products

KWL chart

Stands for "What I KNOW, what I WANT to know, and what I LEARNED.

It is is a type of graphic organizer to assist students in monitoring their reading comprehension

Cluster diagram/bubble map

a diagram that begins with one idea and then branches out to other related ideas

5 locomotor skills

I. Walking

2. Running

3. Jumping

4. Hopping

5. Skipping

Consistent directionality

use of letters to match with similar sounding words

phonemic awareness strategies

1. Isolation

2. Categorization

3. Blending

4. Segmentation

Phonemic isolation

ability to identify where a sound appears in a word.

What is the first sound you hear in the word, "book"?

Phonemic categorization

Recognize the "odd" word in a set of words

Example: pig, pot, star

Phonemic blending

Combining sounds

- What word do the syllables make together?

Use when a learner is sounding out a new word

Phonemic segmentation

refers to the ability to break a word into its separate sounds, saying each sound as it is counted.

Four sounds in "clap" demonstrates an understanding of phonemic segmentation

Dipthong

2 vowels in which the sound begins at the first vowel and moves toward the sound of the second vowel

Examples:

oy=boy, toy

au=author, haul

ou=snout, found

Roots and Affixes

Word parts that help readers determine meaning of unfamiliar words

"Can't hardly" is an example of a ____________ _____________.

double negative

Can't hardly wait means the opposite of what you are trying to say

homograph

a word written the same way as another word but having a different meaning

Alphabetic principle

an understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the sounds of spoken words

Phonological awareness

knowledge of sounds and syllables and of the sound structure of words

Receptive vocabulary

the words a person can understand in spoken or written words

Onset

The first consonant sound or blend

b in bag

Rimes

the consonants and vowels that follow the onset

ag in bag

Reciprocal learning

when natural dialogue uncovers a student's thinking process

The Gold Rush

a period from 1848 to 1856 when thousands of people came to California in order to search for gold

Trail of Tears

(AJ) , The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles (1,287 km)-to the Indian Territory. More than 4,000 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.

Mount Rainier is located in which of the following mountain ranges?

Cascade mountains

What is the highest natural point in Georgia?

Brasstown Bald

Emancipation Proclamation (1863)

Declared all slaves in rebelling states to be free, but did not affect slavery in non-rebelling Border States

encouraged slaves in Southern states to flee to the Union

The Battle of the Appomattox Court House

ended the Civil War with General Lee surrendering to General Grant

The Gettysburg Address

Lincoln's speech to honor fallen soldiers in Civil War

Georgia General Assembly

Georgia's legislative branch; made up of a bicameral legislature consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Protection of civil liberties were included in 1799-89

Constitutional Convention

Meeting in 1787 of the elected representatives of the thirteen original states to write the Constitution of the United States

Articles of Confederation

A weak constitution that governed America during the Revolutionary War.

emphasized state's rights

Opportunity cost

whatever must be given up to obtain some item

simile

A comparison using "like" or "as"

example as playful as a kitten

word attack strategies

help students decode, pronounce, and understand unfamiliar words

(pictures, sound out word, familiar chunks, reread sentence, prior knowl, keep reading)

Rocky mountains

A major mountain system of the United states and Canada, extending 3,000 miles from Alaska south to New Mexico

Alps

largest mountain system in Europe

Appalachian Mountains

A mountain range in the eastern United States extending from Quebec to the Gulf of Mexico

Scaffolding

temporary support that is tailored to a learner's needs and abilities and aimed at helping the learner master the next task in a given learning process

Cascade Mountains

A mountain range in the northwestern United States extending through Washington and Oregon and northern California.