Energy Systems and Cardiac & Lung Function

These flashcards cover key concepts related to energy systems, cardiac and lung function, training adaptations, and muscle contraction types.

ATP-PC System

Energy system that lasts 0–10 seconds, used for sprints and jumps.

Anaerobic Glycolysis

Energy system that lasts 10 seconds to 2 minutes, exemplified by a 400 m run.

Aerobic System

Energy system used for activities lasting more than 2 minutes, such as distance running.

Heart Rate (HR)

The number of beats per minute.

Stroke Volume (SV)

The volume of blood pumped by the heart per beat.

Cardiac Output (Q)

The total volume of blood the heart pumps per minute; calculated as HR × SV.

Minute Ventilation (VE)

The volume of air breathed in one minute, calculated as breaths per minute × tidal volume.

Acute Training Adaptations

Immediate responses to exercise, including increased heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure.

Chronic Training Adaptations

Long-term physiological changes from regular training, including increased stroke volume, decreased resting heart rate, increased muscle strength and endurance, and increased bone density.

Isotonic Muscle Contraction

Muscle contraction where the muscle changes length; includes concentric (muscle shortens) and eccentric (muscle lengthens) types.

Isometric Muscle Contraction

Muscle contraction without joint movement.

Isokinetic Muscle Contraction

Muscle contraction at a constant speed, often achieved through machines.