Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Flashcards about prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Prokaryotes

Organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea, characterized by the absence of a nucleus.

Eukaryotes

Animal cells, plant cells, fungi, and protists

Prokaryotic cell

A simple, single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle.

Plasma membrane

Outer covering that separates the cell’s interior from its surrounding environment.

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like region within the cell in which other cellular components are found.

DNA

Genetic material of the cell.

Ribosomes

Particles that synthesize proteins.

Nucleoid

A darkened region in a prokaryotic cell where DNA is found.

Peptidoglycan

Found in bacteria, made of sugars and amino acids.

Capsule

Enables cell to attach to surfaces in its environment.

Flagella

Used for locomotion.

Pili

Used to exchange genetic material during a type of reproduction called conjugation.

Eukaryotic cell

Cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound compartments or sacs, called organelles, which have specialized functions.

Organelles

Membrane-bound compartments or sacs in eukaryotic cells with specialized functions