Plant Science Exam

True

The biggest difference between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms is that plants within the Angiosperm group have flowers and enclosed seeds for dispersal.

Chromoplasts

Which of the following is NOT a reason multicellular algae are considered the ancestors of plants?

Liverworts

Nonvascular

Lycophytes

Seedless Vascular

Mosses

Nonvascular

Conifers

Seed Vascular (Gymnosperms)

Cyads

Seed Vascular (Gymnosperms)

True

A organisms scientific name generally is comprised of two parts. The first word describes the Genus of the organism and the second describes a specific epithet ( a characteristic of the organism, i.e. who founded it, it's color, shape/size, local location, etc.).

True

Food plants from the Poaceae family (Corn, rice, wheat) account for more than half of the food calories consumed by the world population. 

Animal feed

Most of the corn grown in the US is used as

Bread wheat

The most important wheat variety grown in the world is known as

Apricots

Stone fruit

Pears

Pome fruit

Apples

Pome fruit

Plums

Stone fruit

Raspberries

aggregate fruit

True

A unique characteristic of the Legume family, Fabaceae, is that these plants can produce their own nitrogen through a symbiotic relationship with bacteria called Rhizobium. 

Deep, extensive root systems

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of plants in the bamboo family?

Vacuoles

Is the storage facility in cells; can take up to 90% of a plants cell volume when filled with water, salts, and waste.

Cytosol

Is where cell metabolism occurs 

DNA

Contains the genetic information for the cell; contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.

Golgi Apparatus

Is a collection of dictyosomes which transport proteins for use outside the cell

Ribosomes

Is responsible for gene expression, and is located free in the cytoplasm and bound to the ER

Plasma membrane

Is the cell's selective outside barrier; containing a phospholipid bilayer, membrane proteins, and fluid-mosaic model.

Epidermis; periderm

The dermal system in plants is made up of two complex tissues ______ and

False

The four most common cell structures found in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells are plasma membranes, DNA, cytoplasm, and mitochondria.

True

The three plastids found in plant cells include chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and leucoplasts. 

False

Ferns and gymnosperms only have tracheids and vessel elements in their xylem systems, while angiosperms have only tracheids. 

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up

Anaphase

Sister chromatids separate 

Telophase

Chromosomes expand and the nuclear envelop reforms around the new chromosomes

Prophase

Chromosomes condense 

Xylem

Found in plant vascular systems; contains tracheids and vessel elements; responsible for water movement throughout the plant

Sclerenchyma

Thick secondary cell wall; made of dead cells; used in support and protection in tissues in plants

Collenchyma

Thick primary cell walls made of cellulose; living cells; used in support tissues in plants

Phloem

Found in plant vascular systems; contains sieve tube cells; responsible for glucose (sugar) movement throughout the plant

Parenchyma

Thin, primary wall; living cells w/ large vacuoles; can divide and change; type of cells photosynthesis can take place in

Cell walls, ribosomes, lysosomes

The biggest difference between plant and animal cells is that plant cells contain ___, ____, and _____. 

Commensalism

Barnacles attach themselves to whales for transport, the whale is not affected nor notices

Mutualism

Clownfish get protection from sea anemone, while the anemone gets food scraps

Parasitism

Fleas feed on a dog, the dog gets sick or feels weak

Mucigel

Fatty substance produced by root cells which lubricates the tip and eases its journey through the soil

Gravitropism

The movement of a plant in response to the force of gravity

Region of maturation

Region of the root where cells begin to mature and specialize

Root hairs

Cell extensions of epidermal cells that occur at the region of maturation that assist roots with water and mineral absorption

Root cap

Parenchyma cells produced by the apical meristem found at the very tip of the root 

Lenticel

This plant component found on branches or stems is a loosely arranged grouping of cells that allows for gas exchange with the atmosphere. 

Liana

A plant with a woody stem that is not able to support itself

Tree or shrub

A plant with a wood stem that can support itself

Herb

A plant with a herbaceous stem that can support itself

Vine

A plant with a herbaceous stem that is not self-supportive

True

The endodermis is known as the "gatekeeper". Found surrounding the vascular tissues of the plant, and helps to regulate the accumulation of minerals in the roots.

True

The biggest difference between monocot and eudicot roots is that monocot roots have a pith in the center of it. 

Epiphyte

A plant whose roots do not require contact with soil

Absorption

Water and dissolved minerals taken from soil into the plant roots

Storage

Storage of surplus carbohydrates produce by the plant

Anchorage

Provide firm yet flexible support to the plant  while aiding in knitting the soil together

Fibrous

A root systems composed of several finer roots

Tap root

When a root system forms a single primary root

True

Primary growth is usually associated with an increase in plant length and occurs at the apical meristem, while secondary growth is associated with an increase in girth and occurs at lateral meristems.