Autism Spectrum Disorder Overview

Flashcards based on the key concepts from the lecture notes on Autism Spectrum Disorder.

What is Autism Spectrum Disorder often described as?

A very complex, often baffling developmental disability.

Who first described Autism Spectrum Disorder and when?

Leo Kanner in 1943.

What does the term 'Autism' refer to in the context of early infantile autism?

Children are 'locked within themselves.'

What misconception did early theories associate with autism?

‘Refrigerator mothers’ contributed to the disorder.

How is Autism Spectrum Disorder classified in the DSM-5-TR?

It is classified based on deficits in social communication and interaction, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior.

What are the two main categories for diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder in the DSM-5-TR?

A: Deficits in social communication and interaction; B: Restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior.

What is meant by 'Theory of Mind Deficit' in individuals with autism?

They may be 'Mind Blind' and have difficulty understanding others' thoughts and feelings.

What is the prevalence rate of Autism Spectrum Disorder in 2020?

1 in 36 children.

Which gender is more commonly diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Boys, nearly 4 times more common than girls.

What does research suggest about the genetic component of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Heritability is around 0.80, indicating it runs in families.

What does the prognosis for individuals with autism largely depend on?

IQ and the amount of language development before age 6.

What physical changes occur in the brains of children with autism?

Their brains are enlarged by around 2 years and then stop growing.

What is one of the major controversies regarding the causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

The suggestion that vaccinations cause autism.

What percentage of individuals with autism experience seizures?

Approximately 30%.

What are some common comorbid disorders in Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Separation anxiety, Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD).