UCSP Society (FINALTERM)

cultural institutions

cultural institutions

Type of society when Anthropology integrates with Political Science

Social groups

Type of society when Anthropology integrates with Sociology

Political organizations

Type of society when Political science integrates with Sociology

quasi

latin word that means “semi”

Social aggregates

groups of people in the same place and/or the same time

Social categories

people who share the same characteristics

Group

-collection of people

-can be temporary

Institution

-a functioning entity

-always perrmanent

Judicial

branch of government that interprets whether the law is constitutional or not

Executive

branch of government that executes or implements the law

Legislative

branch of government that creates the law

Scout rangers

special forces of the Philippine army

Marines

special forces of the Philippine Navy

Airborne

special forces of the Philippine Air Force

Primary group

-small, high level of intimacy among members

-very personal relationships;very frequent interaction

Secondary group

-large, less intimacy

-impersonal and formal; members are accepted on basis of what they can do for the group

-you can become a member easily

Reference group

-influences a person’s behavior and attitudes, regardless if they are a member or not

-will undergo rigid acceptance

In group

-defines themselves with members as the point of reference

-welcomes a member

Out group

-those who don’t belong in the group/not in the same in group

-hostility towards another group

Family

most basic social unit

Nuclear family

typical family, consists of one or two parents and their children

Consaguine family

parents and children, plus other members of their kin

Reconstituted family

when its members differ from typical members of a nuclear or extended family, for example when the parents work abroad the grandparents would become de-facto parents of the child left behind

Kinship

-family ties with “social bond based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption”

-not a publicly recognized social and legal union

Matrilineal kinship

traced when people are considerd members of the mother’s group from birth onward

Patrilineal kinship

traced when people are considered members of the father’s group from birth onward

Unilineal

when descent is traced only either through patrilineal or matrilineal kinship

Bilateral

both matrilineal and patrilineal descent are typically automatically recognized

Ritual kinship

-established through religious rituals like baptism and confirmation

-referred to as compadre system where it initiates a godparent-godchild relationship that serves to strengthen ties between families who may or may not be related by blood

Lineage

group of people related by a common ancestor

Political dynasty

formed when a political family strengthens its hold on political power through strategic alliances

Band

small, egalitraian, kin-based groups of perhaps 10-50 people

Tribe

-comprised of a number of bands that were politically integrated and shared a language, religious beliefs, and other aspects of culture

-fragile in nature as their informal political structures are only meant to respond to crises such as threats of external interference or invasion

Chiefdom

organized through formal structures that integrate several communities such as tribes into a distinct political entity led by a council of elders or leaders which typically has a chief, but doesn’t always have one

State

-an independent, sovereign government exercising control over a certain spatially defined and bounded area, whose borders are usually clearly defined and internationally recognized by other states

-some are composed of many nations

Nation

-a group of people who see themselves as a cohesive and coherent unit based on shared cultural or historical criteria

-not all of this have their own states

Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

a culmination of decades-long attempts to deconstruct the very fabric of a highly centralized, unitary nation-state and rationalize the imperative recognition of a separate nation, the Bangsamoro

Traditional authority

authority passed through the bloodline of leaders

Charismatic authority

authority drawn from a leader’s ability and capacity toattract and retain loyal and devoted followers through his/her personal qualities

Rational-legal authority

-authority drawn from legal and constitutional mandates that are usually collectively agreed upon and/or approved by those who are governed; commonly practiced in many modern democratic countries

Market economies

-those that rely on money or currency to facilitate trade or the exchange of goods and services

-follows the law of supply and demand

Non-market economies

those that rely on barter and similar forms of product/commodity exchanges

Contemporary market economies

those that adhere to capitalist free trade and/or where the private sector is either dominant, deregulated, or at least relatively strong

Reciprocity

direct exchange of goods and services

Redistribution

transfer of goods and services from a central authority that collects it from community members and/or external sources, so as to give it back to the members of society

Primary sector

engaged in extraction of raw materials and natural resources

Secondary sector

engaged in manufacturing or the mass production of goods/commodities

Tertiary sector

-engaged in providing services, especially those that facilitate the transport, distribution, and sale of goods/commodities

-encompasses business process outsourcing (BPO or call center services)

-dominant in the Philippines

Non-state institutions

includes banks, corporations, cooperatives, trade unions, transnational advocacy groups, development agencies, and international organizations that help build and shape societies

Banks

-lend money to businesses, start-ups, entrepreneurs, and even to the government

-major role in maximizing the productive potentials of money

Corporations

refer to usually private entities that are created to manage a company or a group of companies that produce commodoties, provide services, or engage in the stock market

Trade unions

-harnesses the collective power of employees/working class/workers

-established by workers to collectively fight for their welfare and interests

Collective bargaining agreement

covers negotiations with respect to wages, hours of work, and all other terms and conditions of employment

Cooperatives

-organizations formed by citizens/consumers to help themsleves through providing financial services to its members, in exchange for membership dues or share capital

-provide badly needed financial services that helps improve the lives of poorer communities

Transnational advocacy groups

ensures that governments worldwide maintain transparency in their affairs, especially about public financies. and uphold human rights and civil liberties to make democracy function well despite percieved limitations and weaknesses

Development agencies

help finance big government projects, especially in developing countries

International organizations

hubs where nation-states are able to peacefully conduct dialogues on pressing issues, resolve disagreements, and carry out mutually-beneficial economic and socio-cultural activities

Schools

main entities in establishing and nurturing educational institutions

Education

the function of this covers both the individual’s need for self-actualization and society’s need for having a productive citizenry that contributes their knowledge and skills toward improving lives and making the world a better place for everyone

Philippine Education Act of 1982

-mandates that the country’s education system should ensure maximum contribution to the attainment of the nation’s developmental goals

-upholds the concept of “education for all”

Animism

-the belief that everything has a spirit:trees, birds, rainstorms, or rocks

-nature worship

Polytheism

emphasizes belief in the existence of multiple gods

Monotheism

adheres to the belief that only one all-powerful god exists

Democratic secularism

religious practice is protected as a right in the country

Health

human right that is prioritized by the state through providing health services

Alternative healing systems

incorporate culture-specific discourses related to illnesses

Binat

“relapse”; when someone is recovering from an illness but gets sick again shortly after or even during the recovery period

Immediate verbal antidote

“pang-kontra”;used to deter folklore beliefs

175

number of ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines

Social network

a group of people who have occasional interactions and who engage in similar or related tasks while remaining unknown, unfamiliar, or only slightly familiar with each other