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Baal Haturim
Rabbi Yaakov B Asher
Baal Haturim wrote what seifer
The Tur
Who is Baal Haturim/Rabbi Yaakov B Asher the son of?
He is the son of the Rosh
What are the Four Columns that the Baal Haturim made?
Orach Chaim; Yoreh Deah, Even HaEzer, Choshen Mishpat
Why did the Baal haturim make these four columns?
He had to organize and summarize all the opinions of the Geonim and Rishonim/smaller topics than in the mishneh torah
Who did the Baal Haturim rule like?
He ruled like his father because Halacha Kibasrai
Noesi Keilim on?
The Tur
When was Baal Haturim and when did he die? Century?
1269-1343/first half go 14th century
Rav Yosef Karo born and died?
1488-1575
Where was he born and where did he live?
Born in Spain and settled in Tzfat
What did Rav Yosef Karo become a member of?
The Bais Din
What role did Yosef Karo later take on?
The leadership of Bais Din
What was Rav Yosef Karo problem with?
He believed there were too “many Toros” causing a lot of confusion because of all the materials and opinions
What did Rav Yosef Karo follow and do in order to help?
He followed the order of the Tur and He summarizes all the halachic material available at that time
Rules of the Psak Bais Yosef?
Rule #1: If discussed by Rif, Rambam, Rosh - then follow majority
Rule #2: 5 additional posekim considered: Ramban, Rashba, Ran, Mordechai, Semag(second weight of tier)
Rule #3: majority of the “mefursamim”- if not given a consensus
What was the Bais Yosef referred to?
The Hibbur HaGadol
How long was the Bais Yosef taken to write and edited?
20 years to write and editing another 12(was finished in 1542)
Shulchan Aruch book was?
The conclusions that come from the Bees Yosef
When was the Shulchan Aruch finished?
1563- were all printed in Venice and Cairo in 1565
What did the Shulchan Aruch give titles to?
He gave titles to each Siman
Rama
Rav Moshe Isserles
Rama lived from when to when?
1530-1572
What seifer did the Rama make?
He made the Darkei Moshe which complied and summarized all the halachic material until his time- the Bais Yosef arrived - then continued b/c the Bais Yosef had left out opinions of the Ashkenazi Posekim, and he did not agree with his rules of Pesak.
The abridged version of the long Darchei Moshe is in the?
In the Tur
What does the Rama create on the Shulchan Aruch?
Added notes and spread them like cloth Mappah on the table of the Shulchan Aruch
Who does Rama give more weight to?
He gives greater weight to Tosafos and other German and French posekim - cites many rulings from posekim who lives a short time before himself.
What does the Rama emphasize the importance of?
Minhag-defers to the authority of earlier posekim (lichatchila) b/c of kavod for them.
How did the Mappah and Haga help the Shulchan Aruch become greater authority?
The Haga has brought the Shulchan Aruch closer to acceptance as final authority as it offers alternative pesak for those who follow the Ashkenazi posekim. It could now be used by all jews.
דרישה ופרישה- who wrote and dates?
Rav Yehoshua Falk- 1555-1614
בית חדש = ב"ח- who wrote and dates?
Rav Yoel Sirkes- 1561-1640
Acceptance of Shulchan Aruch- different purposes for the commentaries?
a) source references; b) explanation of Shulchan Aruch; c) noting differing opinions, and citing supplementary Halachos not mentioned in the Shulchan Aruch; d) collations of Teshuvos that relate to the Halachos in the Shulchan Aruch
18th century tradition?
tradition that 200 Posekim of the generation of R. Yosef Karo had
accepted his rulings as decisive
Who guided the rulings of the Shulchan Aruch?
Ruach HaKodesh guided the rulings of the Shulchan Aruch
לבוש- Levush-dates of life
Rabbi Mordechai Yoffe- 1530-1612
Who was לבוש?
Student of the Rama
What did the לבוש write? When?
Summary and elaboration of the Shulchan Aruch/Rama in 1590
Where can לבוש commentary not be found?
Printed on the page of the Shulchan Aruch
Be’er HaGolah name and dates?
Rav Moshe Rivkes-1600-1680
טורי זהב full name and dates?
Raabu David HaLevi/1586-1667
Who was טורי זהב married to?
He was married to the daughter of the ב"ח
What did the ט"ז – טורי זהב comment on? When published?
On the Yoreh Deah/published in 1646
On the Orach Chaim/published in 1692-together with Magen Avrhaham
Also wrote on Even Haezer and Choshen Mishpat
שפתי כהן – ש"ך full name and dates?
R. Shabtai Rappaport/1621-1662
שפתי כהן – ש"ך commented on what and publishing dates?
Commented on Yoreh Deah published in 1646
Commented on Choshen Mishpat
and 2 of his commentaries were printed together and published in 1677
What age did the שפתי כהן – ש"ך complete his Perush on Y.D?
At age 24
Who did people mainly follow regarding the Shach and the Taz?
At first, Taz seen as elder Gadol (when Shach published Perush on Y.D. at age 24, the Taz is 60 yrs. old.) Over time, the Shach is seen as the preeminent commentary. Despite the decision of Va'ad Arba Aratzot (the council of the four countries) that where the two disagree, the halakhah follows the Taz, it is customary today to follow the ruling of the Shach in most cases.
Vilna Gaon - Bi’ur HaGra- full name and dates?
Rav Eliyahu of Vilna- 1720-1797
Vilna Gaon made what?
his own manuscript - brief notes identifying the sources for the Halacha - often finding new sources, or Talmudic source for a post-Talmudic pesak.
How did Vilna Goan connect the commentaries to earlier sources?
He strengthens the connection of Shulchan Aruch to earlier sources
פרי מגדים- full name and dates?
R. Yoseph Teomim- 1727-1792
What did the פרי מגדים comment on?
He commented on Orach Chaim and Yoreh Deah which is structures as elaborations on the two main נושא כלים
He also commented on Yoreh Deah and made a commentary on the Taz and Shach published in 1771
רבי עקיבא איגר- full name and dates
Rabbi Akiva Eiger 1761-1837.
פתחי תשובה
R. Abraham Zvi Hirsh Eisenstadt – 1813-1868.
What did the פתחי תשובה comment on and when was it printed?
Compendium of Teshuvos on Yoreh Deah, Even Haezer, Choshen Mishpat 180 already written on Orach Chaim). Cites from approximately שערי תשובה( works.
First printed in 1836
Also wrote Nachalas Zvi on the Shulchan Aruch.
חכמת אדם
R. Avraham Danziger 1748-1820.
What did the חכמת אדם make a commentary of? and when did it publish for both?
Summary of the Halacha
חיי אדם – summary of Orach Chaim – 1810
1816 – חכמת אדם
שלחן ערוך הרב- full name and dates
R. Shneur Zalman of Liadi-1745-1813
ערוך השולחן
Rabbi Yechiel Michel Epstein – 1829-1908.
קיצור שלחן ערוך
1804-1884 - R. Shlomo Ganzfried
Who was the ערוך השולחן married to?
Married the Netziv’s sister
Who was the ערוך השולחן considered to be the Rav of?
Rav of Novardak
What book did Aruch Hashulchan write? Dates?
Aruch Hashulchan written from 1870-1901
Was Aruch Hashulchan considered to be a great Rav?
yes he carried a lot of weight amongst poskim
Ben Ish Chai
Rabbi Joseph Chaim of Baghdad - 1835-1909
Ben Ish Chai wrote about what?
wrote many works, about both Halachah and Kabbalah
Where was Ben Ish Chai from?
Baghdad
Who was Ben Ish Chai very popular amongst?
a brief summary of practical halachah (comparable to the Kitzur
Shulchan Aruch popular amongst Ashkenazim) and remains popular amongst Sephardim
דרכי תשובה
1850-1913- R. Tzvi Hirsch Shapira
Who was דרכי תשובה the father of?
Father of the מנחת אלעזר of Munkatch (R. Chaim Elazar Shapira)
What safarim did דרכי תשובה use? What did he have commentary on?
used Very large number of sefarim – like expanded פתחי תשובה
Yoreh Deah
דרכי תשובה provided own views on?
Chiddushim
כף החיים
Yaakov Chaim Sofer-1939–1870
Who was כף החיים
A sephardic Posek written in Yerushlayim
Chazon Ish
R. Avraham Yeshaya Karelitz (1878-1953)
What did the Chazon Ish first appear in?
First volume of Chazon Ish appeared in 1911
Where did the Chazon each move to and settle in? Dates?
1920 - moved to Vilna
1933 - settled in Bnei Brak.