APP Exam 1

How was pharmacy evolved over time regarding education?

• Early 20th century- apprenticeships

• Mid 20th century- 5 yrs of education

• Late 20th century- PharmD program (6 years)

What’s the definition of management and leadership?

management- a process which brings together resources and unites them in a way that they achieve goals/objectives in an efficient manner

leadership- process through which an individual attempts to intentionally influence another individual or group in order to accomplish a goal

What’s the difference between a manager and a leader?

• leaders- inspire people, encourage adaptability, set direction, communicate a vision, inspire followers to take responsibility

• managers- influence by providing order and consistency, plan, budget, organize, hire staff and control, provide structure to day-to-day operations, tend to be more rigid than flexible

What are the duties of a leader?

1. set the agenda

2. build a team and network

3. manage teams

4. assess goals

What is a mission statement?

why the organization exists (WHO WE ARE)

What is a vision statement?

Where the company is headed/what they are aspiring to be (WHAT WE WANT TO BE)

What is “values” in an organization?

what the company stands for

What is an organizational chart? How does authority flow from it?

• an organizational chart depicts the reporting relationship and the hierarchy of authority

• authority flows from top to bottom

For profit organizations who is at the top of the hierarchy?

shareholders

For non-profit organizations who is at the top of the hierarchy?

board or directors or trustees

True or False: Shareholders and Board of Directors are involved in day to day operations.

false

After the top position on the organizational chart the next position is usually ________________ follow by the __________________________.

After the top position on the organizational chart the next position is usually President/CEO follow by the Executive Team.

What is the “C” suite?

the executive team

List some positions that are in the C-suite:

• CEO (chief executive officer)

• CFO (chief financial officer)

• COO (chief operating officer)

What is an operations manager?

• make daily decisions keeping the business moving in the right direction

• are given a mission and vision from the C-suite and it’s the managers responsibility to execute

Who plays the role of a manager?

highest ranking individual on duty

What is the most challenging component of managing?

human resources

Describe the concept of command intent and where/how it is used:

• command intent refers to a clear and concise expression of the goals and desired outcomes for pharmacy operations. It helps ensure that all team members understand the overarching objectives and can make decisions that align with these goals, even in the absence of direct instruction.

• tasks are what employees complete to achieve command intent

what is the definition of human resources management?

the process of achieving organizational objectives through the management of people

What tasks are associated with human resources management?

• recruiting

• hiring

• training

• developing

• terminating

The Federal Civil Rights Act protects employees against things like:

gender, race, age, religion, sexual preference, height, weight, arrest record, national origin, financial status, military record, or disability

(YOU CAN NOT ASK ABOUT ANY OF THESE THINGS IN AN INTERVIEW)

Can an employer ask an applicant’s age at an interview?

no

What does the Fair Labor Standards Act focus on?

setting wage and hour protections for employees

What are some of the protections that are mentioned in the Fair Labor Standards Act?

• equal pay regardless of gender

• overtime/minimum wages

What does the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) monitor and file lawsuits to do?

discrimination/ protect individuals from discrimination in the workplace

What is the EEOC responsible for?

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION— encourages employers to recruit/give preference to minorities with equal qualifications during hiring, interviewing. Also, ensures discrimination doesn’t occur when discipling employees

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) tries to prevent what issues?

work-related injuries, illness, and deaths

Why is drug testing in the workplace controversial?

is controversial due to privacy concerns, potential inaccuracies, and perceived inequities, particularly among minority groups.

What amendment protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures?

4th

Describe the purpose of establishing a business plan?

• to improve patient outcomes, fulfill patient needs, reduce spending, and generate revenue

• helps advance the profession by creating new and innovative services that fulfill patients needs and generate profits

• providing opportunities for new or unique services increases job satisfaction

What are the important components/ steps of a business plan?

• explore the business concept

• DEFINE THE BUSINESS PLAN OR PROGRAM (MISSION AND VISION STATEMENT)

• identify target market

• conduct market research/analysis

• conduct competitor analysis

• assess clinical and quality requirements

• define processes and operations

• develop marketing strategy

• develop financial projections

• identify and action plan

• assess critical risks and opportunities

• establish an exit plan

What are important aspects of communicating a business plan?

• IDENTIFY THE TARGET MARKET

• develop a marketing strategy

• write a plan

Why is identifying the target market for your business plan important?

with no target market- you can lack focus and communication of the message

What are some important aspects of implementing a business plan?

• develop financial projections

• ASSESS CLINICAL AND QUALITY REQUIREMENTS- COULD BE A LIMITING STEP

• conduct competitor analysis

What are the 6 common themes in working to improve time management?

1. recognizing the need for improvement

2. conducting an honest analysis of how you currently spend your time (might want to identify your time management style)

3. establish your mission and set your goals (use SMART goals, include short and long term goals)

4. get organized (sort, prioritize, schedule tasks, create master list)

5. take action

6. review, revise, and modify

List the 2 methods of sorting through tasks:

1. OHIO- “Only Handle It Once”

2. 4 D's

   • Do something with it

   • delegate it

   • defer it

   • delete it

What are 3 ways to prioritize tasks?

1. goal achievement approach

2. deadline approach

3. consequences approach

What is the goal-achievement approach to prioritizing tasks?

prioritizes tasks that you know will directly help you achieve your goals as most important

What is the deadline approach to prioritizing tasks?

• self-explanatory

• look to see when your tasks are due

What is the consequences approach to prioritizing tasks?

• similar to deadline approach

• what will happen if the task is not completed

What are some general thoughts/tips on self and time management? (I bet this is more of an FYI than test question)

• take care of yourself

• most people do their best work in the morning

• schedule meetings/less intensive activiites in the afternonn

• check emails/texts/phone twice a day

• cluster tasks and activities

• quantity doesn’t mean quality

• busy is not always productive

• working harder doesn’t mean smarter

Who is responsible for planning?

planning is one of the key functions of a manager

Name the 7 different types of planning:

1. strategic

2. operations

3. business

4. resource planning

5. organizational

6. contingency

7. emergency

For each of the types of planning, identify if they are short, mid, or long term?

1. strategic- long term

2. operations- short term

3. business- short term

4. resource planning- mid term

5. organizational- mid term

6. contingency- short to long term

7. emergency- mid term

List the purpose of the 7 types of planning:

1. strategic- to ensure that the organization is doing the rights things now and in the future- includes all aspects of the organization

2. operations- specific to immediate actions that need to be taken to move the organization forward

3. business- can be used to start, expand, or terminate a business

4. resource planning- can include HR, IT, financial, capital, and facilities

5. organizational- looks at structural aspects, like divisions, reporting relationships, coordination, and control

6. contingency- particular to specific situations that are being looked at

7. emergency- situation specific

What is a SWOT analysis and what is it used?

• a strategic planning tool used to evaluate Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) related to a business/project

• done after creating a vision

What does “Six Sigma” do?

provides organization tools to improve business processes, increase performance, and decrease process variation.

What is “Lean” way of thinking?

way of thinking of creating value with fewer resources and less waste

What are some similarities between six sigma and lean?

• both aim to improve process efficiency and quality

• both prioritize delivering value to the customer

• both emphasize ongoing improvement

• both use data to identify issues and measure improvements

What are some differences between lean and Six sigma?

• lean- focuses on eliminating waste and improving flow

• Six sigma- focuses on reducing variation and defects through statistical analysis