acid controlling drugs/ bowel

Nasal Intubation

A medical procedure for placing a tube into the nasal cavity to secure an airway, particularly during anesthesia or emergencies. It is often used when oral intubation is difficult or impossible and can facilitate mechanical ventilation for patients who are unable to breathe independently. Precautions include ensuring proper placement to prevent injury and monitoring for complications such as sinusitis or airway obstruction.

Primary Structures of Digestive System

Includes the nasal cavity, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, and large intestine.

Pancreas

A dual-endocrine and exocrine organ that secretes digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin and glucagon.

Endocrine Structure

An organ that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Exocrine Structure

An organ that secretes substances into ducts leading to target sites.

Lipase

An enzyme that breaks down lipids into fatty acids.

Amylase

An enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates into sugars.

Peptidases

Enzymes that break down proteins into amino acids.

Emulsification

The process of breaking down fat droplets into smaller particles for easier digestion by lipases.

Gallbladder

An accessory organ that stores and secretes bile for fat digestion.

Gastric Mucosa

The protective lining of the stomach that prevents damage from its own acid.

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Ulcers in the stomach or duodenum caused by the digestive action of pepsin and acid.

NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)

Medications that reduce inflammation and pain but can also thin the gastric mucosa.

Cyclooxygenase

An enzyme involved in the formation of prostaglandins, which can affect gastric mucosa and pain sensation.

Prostaglandins

Compounds that have various roles, including pain signaling and protecting gastric mucosa.

Metaplasia

An adaptive response where cells change to handle stress, potentially leading to cancer if not treated.

Anaplasia

A term used to describe poorly differentiated cancer cells.

Proton Pump Inhibitors

Medications that irreversibly block acid production in the stomach.

H2 Receptor Antagonists

Medications that block histamine receptors on parietal cells to reduce acid secretion.

Mucosal Barrier

The protective layer of mucus that safeguards the gastric lining from acid.

Triple Therapy

A combination treatment, often using proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics, for eradication of Helicobacter pylori.

Antacids

Medications that neutralize stomach acid and provide quick relief from heartburn.

Docusate Sodium

A surfactant laxative used to soften stool by increasing water penetration.

Laxatives

Medications used to treat constipation by promoting bowel movements through various mechanisms.