AP Human Geography Unit 3

Flashcards.

Culture Customs

Beliefs, arts, and achievements of a group of people.

Folk Culture

Small, rural, traditional, homogeneous culture.

Pop Culture

Large, urban, diverse culture that spreads quickly.

Material Culture Physical objects

A culture creates (clothes, buildings, food).

Non-Material Culture Beliefs

Beliefs, values, and practices of a culture.

Ethnicity

Identity based on shared ancestry and cultural traits.

Race Identity

Based on physical characteristics.

Ethnocentrism

Judging a culture using your own culture’s standards.

Cultural Relativism

Understanding a culture from its own perspective.

Cultural Landscape

The visible imprint of humans on the environment.

Placelessness

When places look the same due to globalization.

Assimilation

Losing original cultural traits while adopting new ones.

Customs Practices

Commonly followed by a group.

Cultural Convergence Cultures

Becoming more similar.

Cultural Divergence Cultures

Becoming more different.

Taboo Behavior

Forbidden by cultural or religious beliefs.

Cultural Appropriation

Using another culture’s traits without understanding or respect.

Diffusion

Spread of cultural traits, ideas, or innovations.

Cultural Hearth

Place where a cultural trait originates.

Independent Invention

Trait develops separately in different places.

Time-Distance Decay

Influence decreases as time and distance increase.

Expansion Diffusion

Trait spreads outward but remains strong at its origin.

Contagious Diffusion

Rapid widespread diffusion through direct contact.

Hierarchical Diffusion

Spread through power levels (leaders, celebrities).

Stimulus Diffusion,

Trait spreads but is changed/adapted.

Relocation Diffusion

Trait spreads through physical movement of people.

Religion

System of beliefs that shapes culture and life.

Secularism

Lack of religious belief or rejection of religion.

Monotheism

Belief in one god.

Polytheism

Belief in many gods.

Animism

Belief that nature/objects have spirits.

Universalizing Religion

Religion that seeks converts and spreads widely.

Ethnic Religion

Religion you're born into; tied to one place.

Christianity

Universalizing religion based on teachings of Jesus.

Islam

Universalizing religion based on teachings of Muhammad.

Buddhism

Universalizing religion based on teachings of Siddhartha.

Sikhism

Universalizing religion blending Hindu and Islamic elements.

Hinduism

Ethnic religion; oldest major religion tied to India.

Judaism

Ethnic religion based on the covenant between God and Abraham.

Language

System of communication with sounds and symbols.

Dialect

Regional or ethnic variation of a language.

Toponym

Name of a place.

Language Family

Largest language classification (ex: Indo-European).

Language Branch

Subdivision of a language family (ex: Germanic).

Lingua Franc

Common language used between speakers of different languages.

Pidgin

Simplified mix of languages for communication.

Creole

Stable language developed from a pidgin.

Language Revival

Attempts to save or bring back a language.

Basques

Ethnic group with a language isolate in Spain/France.

Belgium Language Divide

Conflict between Dutch-speaking Flanders and French-speaking Wallonia.

Centripetal Forces

Forces that unite a country.

Centrifugal Forces

Forces that divide a country.