Introduction to Psychology - Chapter One Review

These flashcards cover fundamental terms and concepts introduced in Chapter One of the psychology lecture, providing definitions and key ideas for review.

Psychology

The scientific study of behavior and the mind.

Empiricism

The theory that all knowledge originates from experience and that scientific knowledge should be based on evidence gathered through observation.

Structuralism

A school of thought in psychology that aimed to analyze the mind by breaking it down into its basic components.

Introspection

The examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings.

Functionalis

A school of thought in psychology that focuses on how mental activities help an organism adapt to its environment.

Psychoanalytic theory

Sigmund Freud's theory that mental difficulties arise from childhood trauma and the unconscious mind.

Free association

A psychoanalytic technique where a patient speaks freely to reveal the unconscious mind.

Behaviorism

The school of psychology that focuses on observable behaviors and discounts mental processes.

Classical conditioning

Learning through the association of stimuli leading to a conditioned response, as demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov.

Operant conditioning

Learning based on the consequences of behavior, introduced by B. F. Skinner.

Humanism

A psychological perspective that emphasizes the potential for good in humans and self-actualization.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

A motivational theory in psychology comprising a five-tier model of human needs.

Cognitive revolution

A shift in psychology that began in the 1950s, focusing on the study of mental processes and cognition.

Neuroscience

The scientific study of the nervous system, including the brain and its impact on behavior and cognitive functions.

Developmental psychology

The study of how people develop and change over the course of their lives.

Five factor model

A theory of personality that includes five broad traits: openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Social psychology

The branch of psychology that studies individuals in the context of a group.

Forensic psychology

A field that combines psychology and the legal system, focusing on the assessment of individuals' mental competency and other legal matters.

Clinical psychology

A branch of psychology that focuses on diagnosing and treating mental disorders.

Psychologist

A professional trained in psychology, who can diagnose and treat mental issues but typically cannot prescribe medication.

Psychiatrist

A medical doctor specializing in mental health, who can prescribe medications and provide therapy.