ch. 13.8, 13.9 & 13.10- Making Judgements about Others + Self-Serving Biases + Explaining ourselves & others

Dual-process model (person perception)

Implicit processes: underlie quick, effortless, automatic thinking - unconsciously driven , intuitions and emotional process

Explicit processes: involve more careful and effortless thinking - conscious driven, after implicit processes have occurred

First Impressions

for certain traits, first impressions can be somewhat accurate - slightly above 50% accurate with categorizations, based off how we carry ourselves and what we wear etc

contributes to self fulfilling prophecies - when we have expectations about people we change our behaviour towards them, which makes them act that way which strengthens our perception of them (ongoing loop)

False consensus effect & naive realism

1. assuming that our views are representative of society at large - assuming what we think is what everyone else thinks “everyone must have watched the huge game”

2. assuming that our perceptions of reality are accurate, and therefore those who differ must be wrong - tendency to presume we are right from how we see the world

better than average effect

we often experience illusory superiority about our abilities in wya that are mathematically improbable - “im better at relating to others”

Dunning-Kruger Effect

The people who know the least are the greatest risk of overestimating their abilities - study surveyed people on gmo foods, products of fear-monger > those with strongest opposition don’t understand gmo as much as those with less of an opposition

Internal vs External Attribution

1. explaining a persons behaviour as due to some intrinsic quality of the person - due to their character or personality caused their behaviour “late assignment = lazy kid”

2. explaining a persons behaviour as the result of the social context - looking at environment to influence behaviour “late assignment = family issues?”

Locus of Control

degree to which people believe they have control over the events in their life

we adopt locus that’s most convenient for what we are facing, helps maintain positive impression of ourself

internal: due to their character “i studied awesome, im so smart”

external: environmental influences “professors fault, pencils fault”

Fundamental Attribution Error

We have an immediate tendency to resort to internal attributions when judging others - “bad driver = wow youre an idiot” > “maybe the guy was avoiding a collision and that’s why we cut us off”