Chapter 5-z-Scores: Location of Scores and Standardized Distributions

Raw Score

an unaltered score within a data set

z-score

specifies the precise location of each X value within a distribution; the sign (+ or −) signifies whether the score is above the mean (positive) or below the mean (negative); the numerical value specifies the distance from the mean by counting the number of standard deviations between X and μ

Deviation Score

the difference between a single data point and the mean of the entire data set

z-score Transformation

a transformation that changes raw scores (X values) into z-scores

Standardized Distribution

the composed scores that have been transformed to create predetermined values for μ and σ; used to make dissimilar distributions comparable

Standardized Score

a score that has been transformed into a standard form