Phase of Matter Study Guide

what is temperature

any kinetic energy of a substance

what is absolute zero

temperature which has no molecular motion

in a typical solid, the kinetic energy is very ________. The particles in a ______________ position, they are _________ slowly back and forth. A solid has a _______ volume, and a _______ shape.

low, fixed, vibrating, definite, definite

in a typical liquid, the kinetic energy is somewhere _________ solids and gases. the substaance has a ________ volume, but it assumes the ______ of its container.

between, definite, shape

in a typical gas, the kinetic energy is very _____. The particles are mcoing __________ and are ______ of each other. The particles do not ________ with each other.

high, fast, independent, bond

In plasma, the substance is basically an ______ gas. The temperature is generally above ________*C.

ionized, 5000*C

Solids have regular patterns called crystal _______. The simplest is valled a ________.

lattices, unit cell

contrast the two types of crystal petterns:

isomorphus- one structure
amorphus- no regular structure

what is a hydrate crystal solid?

solids with H2) trapped in lattice

What is fluuduty? Which phases are fluids?

ability to flow; gas and liquid

what is viscosity?

resistance to flow

what is vapor? vapor pressure?

gas escaping above liquid; capor applying force to liquid surface

contrast exaporation and vaporization

evaporation- occurs at surface at any temperature
vaporization- bioling

what is volatility?

liquid ecaporating at room temperature

whater's shape is called _____. It is most dense at _____*C.

bent, 4

describe the density of the different phase of water.

highest density is liquid, then solid, then gas

contrast cohesion and adhesion.

conhesion- keep H2O molecules together
adhesion- water attracted to other surfaces

what is capillary action?

what climbs against gravity; adhesion

contrast endothermic and exothermic.

endothermic- heat required
exothermic- heat released

which phase changes are endothermic?

solid to liquid; liquid to gas; solid to gas

which phase changes are exothermic?

liquid to solid; gas to liquid; gas to solid

name the other terms for the following pase changes:
___________= freezing ___________= melting
___________= gas liquefying ___________= boiling

crystallization, fusion, condensation, vaporization

what is sublimation?

solid to gas

what is the boiling point?

temperature when liquid turn to gas

what is melting point?

temperature when solid turns to liquid

contrast fusion and crystallization in terms of energy

fusion (endothermic) and crystallization (exothermic) equal, but are opposite in sign

contrast vaporization and condensation in terms of energy

are equal but opposite in sign

what is normal boiling point?

boiling point of substance at 1 atm

what is the triple point?

temperature and pressure where all pases exist

what is the heat of fusion?

energy needed to melt 1 g of solid

what is the heat of vaporization?

energy needed to vaporize 1 g of liquid

what is specific heat?

energy required to heat 1 g of a substance by 1 *C

what are the 2 things that can happen to a pure substance as heat is added the system?

1. substnace will rise in temperature
2. phase change