American since end of cold war

Mikhail Gorbachev

* 1987 was liberation of Gorbachev
* More open to other economies and governments
* Effects:
* Freedom protests and demonstrations
* Poland: leading freedom movement outside Russia
* Other countries followed Poland
* Mikhail Gorbachev was a Soviet politician who served as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. He is known for his policies of perestroika and glasnost, which aimed to reform the Soviet Union's political and economic systems. Gorbachev's leadership ultimately led to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War.

Regan Doctrine

**What:** A foreign policy strategy that provided military and economic aid to anti-communist forces in developing countries.

**Where:** Primarily in Central America, but also in other parts of the world.

**When:** 1980s

**Why:** To contain the spread of communism and promote democracy in developing countries.

Bush Doctrine on the War against terrorism

The doctrine was characterized by a commitment to preemptive military action against potential threats, a belief in the importance of spreading democracy and freedom around the world, and a willingness to act unilaterally if necessary to protect U.S. interests.

In the context of the war against terrorism, the Bush Doctrine had several significant implications. First, it led to the invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, which was carried out with the aim of rooting out the Taliban government that had harbored the al-Qaeda terrorist group responsible for the 9/11 attacks. Second, the doctrine provided the justification for the invasion of Iraq in 2003, which was premised on the belief that Saddam Hussein's regime possessed weapons of mass destruction and posed a potential threat to U.S. security.

Critics of the Bush Doctrine argued that the preemptive military action it authorized was too aggressive and undermined international norms and institutions. They also pointed out that the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq were costly in terms of both human lives and financial resources and that they failed to achieve their intended goals. Supporters of the doctrine, however, argued that it was necessary to take strong action to protect the United States from terrorism and that the promotion of democracy and freedom was a worthwhile goal in its own right.

Unilateralism

* Unilateralism refers to a foreign policy approach in which a country acts independently and without seeking the cooperation or agreement of other nations. This can involve taking actions such as military interventions, economic sanctions, or trade restrictions without the consent or support of other countries. Unilateralism is often contrasted with multilateralism, in which countries work together and coordinate their actions to achieve common goals.

Osama Bin Laden

* Terrorist
* Responsible for the 9/11 attacks
* Claims “God has given them back what they deserve”

Dream Act of 2012

Granted amnesty from deportation and a work permit to qualified immigrants who arrived to the U.S. as minors.

Multilateralism

* Multilateral institutions and agreements provided a way for the superpowers to manage these conflicts and prevent them from escalating into direct military confrontation.
* multilateralism provided a means for smaller states to assert their interests and influence on the world stage. By participating in international organizations and agreements, these states could gain a voice in global decision-making and advance their priorities.
* multilateralism helped to establish norms and rules for international behavior, which helped to reduce the risk of conflict and promote cooperation between states

Globalization

Cultural

* exchanging of ideas and norms from cultures all over the world

Economic

* Integrated global economy that spreads domestic products all over the world

September 11, 2001

* The largest domestic terrorist attack on the united states
* Perpetrated by Osama Bin Laden
* Killed thousands of United States Citizens

Saddam Hussein

* Overthrown by the U.S government in 2003
* Supported by the U.S in the 80s during his war with iran
* 2003 invasion of Iraq

NATO

* military alliance composed of 30 member countries from North America and Europe. It was founded in 1949 with the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty, which established a collective defense arrangement among its members.
* Helped deal with Soviet aggression during the cold war

NAFTA

* trilateral trade agreement signed in 1994 between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Its goal was to eliminate trade barriers and promote economic integration among the three countries.

Iraq War in 2003

* Happened in response to the 9/11 attacks
* toppled the SH regime in iraq
* went after osama bin laden