Studied by 4 peopleWhat is the function of the nervous system?
Communication (from the brain)/ responding to stimulus
Parts of a neuron?
cell body
nucleus
dendrites
axon
myelin sheath
nodes
axon terminals
What is resting potential of a neuron? Where are ions when a neuron is at rest? What are the charges in a neuron at rest?
Resting Potential: inside has a negative charge, outside has positive charge.
Na+ outside, K+ inside (salty banana)
What is threshold?
Threshold-minimum stimulus needed to cause action potential.
Rising Phase (Depolarization)
inside positive, outside negative
Na+ channel opens, Na+ diffuses in
Both K+ and Na+ are inside
Falling Phase (Re-polarization)
inside negative, outside positive
K+ channel opens, K+ leaves
Na+ inside, K+ outside
Return to Resting Potential
Na+/K+ pump use active transport to reset the ions
Na+ out K+ in
What happens at a synapse?
The synapse is the connection between neurons. The synapse transports messages between neurons by releasing neurotransmitters that defuse across the synaptic cleft. Than they are received by the receptors of the other neuron.
What is the role of neurotransmitters?
The neurotransmitter is the chemicals that transmits a impulse across the synapse to another cell.
What are the 3 main parts of the brain and what do they do?
Cerebrum- thought, awareness, senses, learning, memory, voluntary movement, speech and emotions
Cerebellum - muscle coordination, balance and muscle memory
Brain Stem- Basic Life Functions, involuntary responses
What are the roles of the thalamus and hypothalamus?
Thalamus- receives messages
Hypothalamus- control center for recognition
What are the divisions of the nervous system? In general what is the role of each division?
There is the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System.
Central=information processing
Peripheral= controls the senses and muscle control
What are the three processes/parts of a reflex arc? What is a reflex?
reflex- fast, involuntary response to a stimulus
Stimulus
Sensory neuron relay info to spinal cord
inter neuron processes info in spinal cord/forms response
motor neuron carries impulse to the muscle
muscle responds
What are the types of sensory receptors and what do they detect and where would they be found?
Chemoreceptor- chemicals: mouth, nose, and blood vessels
Thermoreceptor- temp changes: skin and hypothalamus
Photoreceptors- light: eyes
Pain Receptors- tissue injury: throughout the body
Mechanoreceptors- touch pressure, vibration, and stretch: skin, hair follicles, ears, tendons, and ligaments
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
support of the body
protect organs
makes blood cells
provides for movement
stores minerals
Osteoblasts
builds up bones
Osteoclasts
breaks down bones
What is ossification?
cartilage is replaced by bone during fetal development
What is cartilage and why is it so important?
Cartilage- connective tissue made of cells connected by collagen and elastin
It is important because it provides flexibility between bones
What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?
ligament- tissue that connects bone to bone (aka joint)
tendon- tough tissues that connect bones to skeletal muscles
What are the types of muscle tissue and where is each type found?
skeletal- attached to bones, voluntary, striated, multinucleate
smooth- involuntary, spindle-shaped, digestive tract, one nucleus
cardiac- heart, involuntary, striated, one nucleus branched
What is the function of the muscular system?
movement of the body
What are the roles of actin and myosin during a muscle contraction?
actin- thin filament
myosin- thick filament
when the muscle contracts the fiber slide over one another.
What is a neuromuscular junction and what is acetylcholine (ACh)?
Neuromuscular junction- muscle area in contact with a motor neuron
Acetylcholine- a neurotransmitter that signals a muscle contraction
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