nuclear chem

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22 Terms

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fission

A nuclear reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy

<p>A nuclear reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy</p>
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fusion

Creation of energy by joining the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms to form helium.

<p>Creation of energy by joining the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms to form helium.</p>
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isotope

An atom with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons from other atoms of the same element.

<p>An atom with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons from other atoms of the same element.</p>
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transmutation

the conversion of an atom of one element to an atom of another element

<p>the conversion of an atom of one element to an atom of another element</p>
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alpha decay

A nuclear reaction in which an atom emits an alpha particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons. This increases the atomic number by 2 and the mass number by 4.

<p>A nuclear reaction in which an atom emits an alpha particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons. This increases the atomic number by 2 and the mass number by 4.</p>
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alpha particle

a type of nuclear radiation consisting of two protons and two neutrons (a helium nucleus)

<p>a type of nuclear radiation consisting of two protons and two neutrons (a helium nucleus)</p>
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nuclear bombardment

Two nuclear particles collide to make one or more different nuclear particles

<p>Two nuclear particles collide to make one or more different nuclear particles</p>
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beta particle

a high-speed electron with a 1- charge that is emitted during radioactive decay

<p>a high-speed electron with a 1- charge that is emitted during radioactive decay</p>
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beta decay

Radioactive decay in which an electron is emitted. (A neutron changes into a proton in the nucleus and releases an electron)

<p>Radioactive decay in which an electron is emitted. (A neutron changes into a proton in the nucleus and releases an electron)</p>
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gamma ray

a high-energy photon emitted by a radioisotope

<p>a high-energy photon emitted by a radioisotope</p>
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gamma decay

the release of energy as a gamma ray from a nucleus (no gain or loss of particles)

<p>the release of energy as a gamma ray from a nucleus (no gain or loss of particles)</p>
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Radioisotopes

radioactive form of an element that gives off energy in the form of radiation; radioisotope

<p>radioactive form of an element that gives off energy in the form of radiation; radioisotope</p>
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radioactive

A spontaneous process in which unstable nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation

<p>A spontaneous process in which unstable nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation</p>
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half-life

length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay

<p>length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay</p>
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half life equation

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proton

A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom

<p>A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom</p>
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neutron

A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom

<p>A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom</p>
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electron

A subatomic particle that has a negative charge and is found outside the nucleus of an atom

<p>A subatomic particle that has a negative charge and is found outside the nucleus of an atom</p>
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atomic number

the number of protons in an atom

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atomic mass

Number of protons and neutrons

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band of stability

the location of stable nuclei on a neutron-vs.-proton plot

<p>the location of stable nuclei on a neutron-vs.-proton plot</p>
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isotope notation

The representation of a specific isotope. The atomic number is listed below the symbol, the mass number above.

<p>The representation of a specific isotope. The atomic number is listed below the symbol, the mass number above.</p>

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