U5 Study Guide - Judicial Branch

A collection of flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to the Judicial Branch as discussed in the lecture.

Judicial Review

The right of courts to interpret laws and declare acts unconstitutional.

Judicial Activism

Belief that courts should play an active role in solving social problems.

Defamation

False written or spoken expression that damages someone's reputation.

Gag Order

Court order limiting media coverage to ensure a fair trial.

Prior Restraint

Government prevention of material being published.

Writ of Certiorari

Document asking the Supreme Court to review a lower court decision.

Majority Opinion

Written decision explaining the Court's ruling and reasoning.

Dissenting Opinion

Written statement by justices who disagree with the ruling.

Concurring Opinion

Written statement that agrees with the outcome but for different reasons.

Chief Justice

Head of the U.S. Supreme Court.

Defendant

Person or group being sued or accused.

Plaintiff

A person or group bringing a lawsuit in civil court.

Precedent

Guiding example for future cases.

Engel v. Vitale

Banned school-sponsored prayer.

Tinker v. Des Moines

Right to free speech and assemble even unpopular opinions.

Bethel School District v. Fraser

Limited lewd or indecent speech in schools.

Board of Education v. Earls

Allowed student drug testing for extracurriculars.

New Jersey v. TLO

Limited unreasonable student searches by administrators.

Marbury v. Madison

Establishes the power of judicial review.

National Socialist Party v. Skokie

Upheld students' right to peaceful protest.