area vector
a vector with magnitude equal to the surface’s area and direction perpendicular to the area.
flux
the volume rate of flow of the liquid through the wire frame.
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Physics
Gauss's Law
Concept of Flux
Flux
Electric flux
Planar Symmetry
Cylindrical Symmetry
Spherical Symmetry
Shell Theorems
Analogies with Gravity
Shell Theorems: Gauss’s Law and Analogies with Gravity
Calculation of Qenclosed
Volume Charge Density
Constant Charge Density
Conductors
Insulators
Metals
Potential by Integrating Electric Field
12th
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area vector
a vector with magnitude equal to the surface’s area and direction perpendicular to the area.
flux
the volume rate of flow of the liquid through the wire frame.
Electric flux
is more difficult to conceptualize because the electric field is more abstract than fluid velocity; furthermore, we generally deal with electric flux through imaginary surfaces.
Definition of Flux
Definition of Electric Flux
Gauss’s law
States that the electric flux out of a closed surface equals 1/ε0 times the charge enclosed within the surface.
Gauss's Law
Electric field lines
These begin or end only on positive and negative point charges, respectively.
Insulators
are materials that have no “free” electrons, so the charge is not free to move within them.
nonconductors
Consequently, all sorts of charge distributions are possible on __; You can put charge wherever you want to and it stays there.
Conductors
have free electrons, so the charge is free to move within them.
V = πr²L
volume of a cylinder