Semester 2 Science Worksheet - Flashcards

Flashcards generated from Semester 2 Science Worksheet chapters 13, 14, 15, and 16.

Aquifer

A body of rock or sediment that can yield economically significant amounts of water.

Turnover

The mixing of layers of water that occurs in a lake during the breakdown of thermal stratification in spring and fall.

Eutrophic

A lake containing abundant nutrients and a high level of productivity in terms of biomass.

Transpiration

The movement of water from plants to the atmosphere as it evaporates through pores in the leaves.

Coriolis effect

The deflection of air or water currents due to the rotation of the Earth.

Gulf stream

Flows northward along the Eastern coast of North America and then across the Atlantic to the north Atlantic.

Oligotrophic lake

A lake that contains few nutrients and sustains relatively few living organisms.

Desertification

A type of soil degradation that occurs under very dry conditions and results in the loss of all or most of the moisture and organic matter.

Humus

The dark, organic component of soil that has decomposed enough so that the origin of the individual pieces cannot be determined.

Soil erosion

The degrading action that occurs when wind, ice, or water move through an area, carrying away the top layers of formed soil.

Soil horizon

The horizontal layers that make up a soil’s profile.

Litter

The collection of dead but not yet decomposed organic matter (leaves, twigs, animal bodies, animal waste) lying above the surface of the soil.

Continental glacier

A mass of ice that flows outward in all directions under its own weight and covers a large portion of a continent’s area.

Water table

The top of the zone of saturation in a layer of rock or soil.

Three broad categories of inorganic matter found in soil

Minerals, water & gases

Source of gases found in soils

Some are absorbed from the atmosphere & some are produced by soil-dwelling organisms.

Source of Organic matter in soil

It comes from dead and decaying matter from plants, animals, and microorganisms.

The four types of changes that take place in soil

Additions, losses, translocations, and transformations.

Change involves a physical or chemical change?

transformation

Change involves the accumulation of new materials in soil?

addition

Change involves matter moving from one layer of soil to another?

translocation

Soil properties you would expect to find in a hot, dry climate

The soil would be high in mineral content and low in organic matter because little plant growth occurs in hot, dry climates. The soil would also be dry and therefore drain quickly.

How can soil form?

Soil can form from weathered rock and accumulated organic material.

Examples of inorganic matter can be found in the soil?

Oxygen gas & minerals

List the soil horizons in the correct order from the surface downward

O, A, E, B, C, R

The two types of glaciers

Alpine glaciers and Continental glaciers

Glacial ice characteristics

closely packed ice crystals

The four major ocean basins from largest to smallest

Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic

The four major ocean basins from smallest to largest

Arctic, Indian, Atlantic, Pacific

Why does dissolved oxygen become gradually depleted through the winter?

surface ice prevents absorption of oxygen from the atmosphere. Meanwhile, organisms in the lake continue to consume oxygen

Materials has high porosity & permeability

sand, gravel, and loose soil allow water to pass through easily because they have high porosity (lots of open spaces) and high permeability (those spaces are connected, so water can flow through them quickly

The key difference between an aquifer and an aquitard

Aquifers permit the flow of water through them whereas aquitards do not

Deep sea current

It transports seawater both vertically & horizontally below a depth of 400 meters due to the differences in water density