Early Iron Age States and Egypt

Phoenicians

State from 1200-800 BC

Phoenicians

Maritime society known for its Phonetic alphabet and purple dye

Philistines

State from 1100 to 1000 BC

Philistines

Hebrew enemies known for their grapes and metalwork

Pentapolis

Name for the five enemy cities in Palestine

Carthage

State from 500-202 BC

Carthage

Descendants of the Phoenicians

Hebrews

State from 1000-900 BC

Predynastic Egypt

Egyptian Period before 2686 BC

Old Kingdom

Egyptian Period from 2686-2160 BC

Narmer

Pharaoh that united Upper and Lower Egypt at Memphis during the Old Kingdom

The first Intermediate Period

Egyptian period from 2160-2055 BC

Middle Kingdom

Egyptian period from 2055-1640 BC

Mentuhotep

Pharoah that reunited Egypt at Thebes during the Middle Kingdom

Second Intermediate Period

Egyptian period from 1640-1504 BC

New Kingdom

Egyptian period from 1504-1070 BC

Thutmose I

Pharoah that militarized society during the New Kingdom

Third Intermediate Period

Egyptian period from 1070-712 BC

Late Period Egypt

Egyptian period from 712-322 BC

Nubia and the Kingdom of Kush

Egypt’s rivals during Late Period Egypt

Persian Empire

Empire after 539 BC

Cyrus the Great

King of Persia who freed the Jews and was known for his self-governing empire and toleration

Darius I

King of Persia who ruled at Persepolis who was known for creating governing districts called satraps and the royal road, and for his war with the Greeks

Zoroastrianism

Persian religion founded by Zarathustra, Ahura Mazda vs. Ahriman

Hyksos

People who invaded and took control of lower Egypt, marking the end of the Middle Kingdom