AP English Literature - Shakespeare Terminology

Act

A major division in a play, often consisting of multiple scenes that develop different parts of the story.

Scene

A smaller division within an act that marks a change in location, time, or character involvement.

Monolouge

A long speech delivered by a character to other characters or the audience.

Soliloquy

A speech in which a character speaks their thoughts aloud while alone on stage, revealing inner emotions or conflicts.

Aside

A brief remark by a character intended to be heard by the audience but not by other characters in the play.

Exposition

The introduction of background information, such as setting, characters, and prior events, to help the audience understand the story.

Rising Action

The series of events that build tension and develop the conflict leading up to the climax.

Climax

The most intense, dramatic, or important moment in the story, often serving as the turning point.

Falling Action

The events that follow the climax and begin to resolve the story's conflicts.

Denouement

The conclusion of the story, where remaining issues are resolved, and the narrative is brought to a close.

Tragic Hero

A protagonist with noble qualities who experiences a downfall due to a personal flaw or fate.

Stock Character

A stereotypical character type that appears frequently in literature, such as the wise old mentor or the foolish sidekick.

Hamartia

The tragic flaw or error in judgment that leads to the downfall of a tragic hero.

Catharsis

The emotional release experienced by the audience after witnessing the downfall of a tragic character.

Hubris

Excessive pride or arrogance, often leading to the downfall of a character, particularly in tragedy.